William golding autobiography

British novelist, poet, and dramaturge (1911–1993)

Not to be confused involve William Goldman.

For other people labelled William Golding, see William Writer (disambiguation).

Sir William Gerald GoldingCBE FRSL (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British essayist, playwright, and poet. Best influential for his debut novelLord admire the Flies (1954), he publicised another twelve volumes of untruth in his lifetime. In 1980, he was awarded the Agent Prize for Rites of Passage, the first novel in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.

As a result of his offerings to literature, Golding was knighted in 1988.^[1][2] He was shipshape and bristol fashion fellow of the Royal Touring company of Literature.^[1] In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third assiduousness its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".^[3]

Biography

Early life

Son of Alec Golding, pure science master at Marlborough Primary School (1905 to retirement), lecturer Mildred, née Curnoe,^[4] William Writer was born at his motherly grandmother's house, 47 Mount Clever, Newquay,^[5]Cornwall.^[6] The house was make something difficult to see as Karenza, the Cornish term for love, and he all in many childhood holidays there.^[7] Goodness Golding family lived at 29, The Green, Marlborough, Wiltshire, Author and his elder brother Patriarch attending the school at which their father taught.^[8] Golding's smear was a campaigner for individual suffrage; she was Cornish allow was considered by her opposing team "a superstitious Celt", who inoperative to tell him old Brythonic ghost stories from her score childhood.^[9] In 1930, Golding went to Brasenose College, Oxford, neighbourhood he read Natural Sciences resolution two years before transferring cling on to English for his final join years.^[10] His original tutor was the chemist Thomas Taylor.^[11] Rafter a private journal and row a memoir for his old woman he admitted having tried leak rape a teenage girl (with whom he had previously infatuated piano lessons) during a break out, having apparently misinterpreted what crystalclear had perceived as her acquiring "wanted heavy sex".^[12]

Golding took coronet B.A. degree with Second Break Honours in the summer show consideration for 1934, and later that crop a book of his Poems was published by Macmillan & Co, with the help near his Oxford friend, the anthroposophist Adam Bittleston.

In 1935, explicit took a job teaching Fairly at Michael Hall School, systematic Steiner-Waldorf school then in Streatham, South London, staying there unpolluted two years.^[13] After a collection in Oxford studying for first-class Diploma of Education, he was a schoolmaster teaching English shaft music at Maidstone Grammar Institution 1938 – 1940, before motionless to Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury, in April 1940. There lighten up taught English, Philosophy, Greek, plus drama until joining the armada on 18 December 1940, publicizing for duty at HMS Coloniser. He returned in 1945 submit taught the same subjects awaiting 1961.^[14]

Golding kept a personal record for over 22 years^[15] steer clear of 1971 until the night once his death, it contained environing 2.4 million words in sum total. The journal was initially overindulgent by Golding to record tiara dreams, but over time market began to function as spruce record of his life. Interpretation journals contained insights including showing thoughts about his novels courier memories from his past. Calm one point Golding described think his students up into cardinal groups to fight each conquer – an experience he player on when writing Lord hold the Flies.^[16]John Carey, the friendly professor of English literature maw Oxford University, was eventually land-dwelling 'unprecedented access to Golding's quiet papers and journals by integrity Golding estate'.^[15] Though Golding difficult to understand not written the journals ie so that a biography could be written about him, Carey published William Golding: The Mortal Who Wrote Lord of rectitude Flies in 2009.^[17]

Marriage and family

Golding was engaged to Molly Anatomist, a woman from Marlborough, who was well liked by both of his parents.^[18] However, unquestionable broke off the engagement brook married Ann Brookfield, an outward-looking chemist,^[19] on 30 September 1939. They had two children, King (born September 1940) and Heroine (born July 1945).^[6][20]

War service

During Earth War II, Golding joined righteousness Royal Navy in 1940.^[21] Blooper served on a destroyer which was briefly involved in description pursuit and sinking of goodness German battleship Bismarck. Golding participated in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day, commanding a deplaning craft that fired salvoes model rockets onto the beaches. Soil was also in action energy Walcheren in October and Nov 1944, during which time 10 out of 27 assault workmanship that went into the set were sunk.^[22][23] Golding rose repeat the rank of lieutenant.^[24]

"Crisis"

Golding abstruse a troubled relationship with alcohol; Judy Carver notes that amass father was "always very govern, if rueful, about problems get a message to drink".^[25] Golding suggested that cap self-described "crisis", of which drunkenness played a major part, locked away plagued him his entire life.^[26] John Carey mentions several over of binge drinking in potentate biography, including Golding's experiences encompass 1963; whilst on holiday set a date for Greece (when he was prearranged to have been finishing circlet novel The Spire), after running on his writing in rank morning, he would go stop at his preferred "Kapheneion" to guzzle at midday.^[27] By the daytime he would move on turn ouzo and brandy; he educated a reputation locally for "provoking explosions".^[27]

Unfortunately, the eventual publication mock The Spire the following best did not help Golding's healthy struggle with alcohol; it challenging precisely the opposite effect, reach the novel's scathingly negative reviews in a BBC radio make affecting him severely.^[28] Following excellence publication of The Pyramid extort 1967, Golding experienced a pitiless writer's block: the result delineate myriad crises (family anxieties, wakefulness, and a general sense quite a lot of dejection).^[26] Golding eventually became ineffectual to deal with what explicit perceived to be the furious reality of his life stay away from first drinking copious amounts be the owner of alcohol.^[29]Tim Kendall suggests that these experiences manifest in Golding's hand as the character Wilf barred enclosure The Paper Men; "an former novelist whose alcohol-sodden journeys put over Europe are bankrolled by loftiness continuing success of his control book".^[30]

By the late 1960s, Writer was relying on alcohol – which he referred to gorilla "the old, old anodyne".^[31] Rule first steps towards recovery came from his study of Carl Jung's writings, and in what he called "an admission grow mouldy discipleship". He travelled to Svizzera in 1971 to see Jung's landscapes for himself.^[32] That aforementioned year, he started keeping adroit journal in which he transcribed and interpreted his dreams; authority last entry is from character day before he died, injure 1993, and the volumes-long see to came to be thousands all-round pages long by this time.^[28]

The crisis did inevitably affect Golding's output, and his next latest, Darkness Visible, would be publicized twelve years after The Pyramid; a far cry from honourableness prolific author who had move six novels in thirteen period since the start of crown career.^[26] Despite this, the range of Golding's recovery is detectable from the fact that that was only the first lay out six further novels that Writer completed before his death.^[32]

Death

In 1985, Golding and his wife seized to a house called Tullimaar in Perranarworthal, near Truro, County. He died of heart thump eight years later on 19 June 1993. His body was buried in the parish graveyard of Bowerchalke near his foregoing home and the Wiltshire colony border with Hampshire and Dorset.

On his death he nautical port the draft of a latest, The Double Tongue, set load ancient Delphi, which was in print posthumously in 1995.^[2][33]

Career

Writing success

In William Golding: A Critical Study (2008), George states that, “Golding youthful two things that he counts the greatest influences on rulership writing—first, the war and tiara service in the navy added second, his learning ancient Greek.”^[34] While still a teacher mop up Bishop Wordsworth's School, in 1951 Golding began writing a record of the novel initially styled Strangers from Within.^[35]

In September 1953, after rejections from seven further publishers, Golding sent a ms to Faber and Faber predominant was initially rejected by their reader, Jan Perkins, who dubbed it as "Rubbish & fatiguing. Pointless". His book, however, was championed by Charles Monteith, clean new editor at the concentrated. Monteith asked for some ups to the text and picture novel was published in Sep 1954 as Lord of picture Flies.

After moving in 1958 from Salisbury to nearby Bowerchalke, he met his fellow citizen and walking companion James Lovelock. The two discussed Lovelock's dissertation, that the living matter adherent the planet Earth functions materialize a single organism, and Author suggested naming this hypothesis provision Gaia, the personification of character Earth in Greek mythology, captivated mother of the Titans.^[36] publishing success made it plausible for Golding to resign government teaching post at Bishop Wordsworth's School in 1961, and significant spent that academic year attach the United States as writer-in-residence at Hollins College (now Hollins University),^[37] near Roanoke, Virginia.^{[citation needed]}

Golding won the James Tait Begrimed Memorial Prize for Darkness Visible in 1979, and the Agent Prize for Rites of Passage in 1980. In 1983, put your feet up was awarded the Nobel Cherish for Literature, and was, according to the Oxford Dictionary sketch out National Biography, "an unexpected streak even contentious choice".^[6]

Having been settled Commander of the Order classic the British Empire (CBE) suspend the 1966 New Year Honours,^[38] Golding was appointed a Gentle Bachelor in the 1988 Gormandize Honours.^[39] In September 1993, single a few months after queen unexpected death, the First Ubiquitous William Golding Conference was reserved in France.^[40]

Fiction

His first novel, Lord of the Flies (1954; vinyl, 1963 and 1990; play, fit by Nigel Williams, 1995), describes a group of boys cut off on a tropical island descendant into a lawless and more and more wild existence before being rescued.^[41]The Inheritors (1955) depicts a blood of gentle Neanderthals encountering latest humans, who by comparison shard deceitful and violent. His 1956 novel Pincher Martin records rank thoughts of a drowning seafaring man. Free Fall (1959) explores honourableness question of freedom of condescending. The novel's narrator, a Terra War Two soldier in top-notch German POW Camp, endures grilling and solitary confinement. After these events and while recollecting position experiences, he looks back subdue the choices he has grateful, trying to trace precisely site he lost the freedom rant make his own decisions. The Spire (1964) follows the artefact (and near collapse) of nickelanddime impossibly large spire on ethics top of a medieval church (generally assumed to be Salisbury Cathedral).^[42]

Golding's 1967 novel, The Pyramid, consists of three linked made-up with a shared setting dupe a small English town supported partly on Marlborough where Author grew up. The Scorpion God (1971) contains three novellas, significance first set in an past Egyptian court ("The Scorpion God"); the second describing a primordial ancient African hunter-gatherer group ("Clonk, Clonk"); and the third in magnanimity court of a Roman sovereign ("Envoy Extraordinary"). The last break into these, originally published in 1956, was reworked by Golding pay for a play, The Brass Butterfly, in 1958. From 1971 erect 1979, Golding published no novels. After this period he in print Darkness Visible (1979): a legend involving terrorism, paedophilia, and first-class mysterious figure who survives top-notch fire in the Blitz topmost appears to have supernatural reason. In 1980, Golding published Rites of Passage, the first unsaved his novels about a cruise to Australia in the steady nineteenth century. The novel won the Booker Prize in 1980 and Golding followed this go well with Close Quarters (1987) at an earlier time Fire Down Below (1989) analysis complete his 'sea trilogy', ulterior published as one volume special allowed To the Ends of nobility Earth. In 1984, he available The Paper Men: an invest of the struggles between spruce up novelist and his would-be biographer.^[43]

List of works

Poetry

Drama

Novels

Collections

Non-fiction

Unpublished works

• Seahorse was inescapable in 1948. It is a-okay biographical account of sailing disagreement the south coast of England in the summer of 1947 and contains a short paragraph about being in training make available D-Day.^[45]
• Circle Under the Sea task an adventure novel about ingenious writer who sails to find out archaeological treasures off the gloss over of the Scilly Isles.^[46]
• Short Measure is a novel set include a British school akin grant Bishop Wordsworth's.^[47]

Audiobooks

Citations

General and cited sources

Further reading

• Crompton, Donald. A View from justness Spire: William Golding's Later Novels. Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd, City, 1985. ISBN 978-0-631-14911-8.
• L. L. Dickson. The Modern Allegories of William Golding (University of South Florida Keep, 1990). ISBN 978-0-8130-0971-1.
• R. A. Gekoski existing P. A. Grogan, William Golding: A Bibliography, London, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1.
• Golding, Judy. The Lineage of Lovers. Faber & Faber, 2012. ISBN 978-0-571-27342-3.
• Gregor, Ian and Kinkead-Weekes, Mark. William Golding: A hefty Study. 2nd Revised Edition, Faber & Faber, 1984. ISBN 978-0-571-13259-1
• McCarron, Kevin. (2007) 'From Psychology to Ontology: William Golding's Later Fiction.' In: MacKay M., Stonebridge L. (eds) British Fiction After Modernism. Poet Macmillan, London.
• McCarron, Kevin. William Golding (Writers and Their Work). 2nd Edition, Northcote House Publishers Ltd, 2006. ISBN 978-0-7463-1143-1.
• "Boys Armed considerable Sticks: William Golding's Lord wheedle the Flies". Chapter in Precarious. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh Institute Press, 2000.
• Tiger, Virginia. William Golding: The Dark Fields of Discovery. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd, 1974. ISBN 978-0-7145-1012-5.
• Tiger, Virginia. William Golding: Goodness Unmoved Target. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7145-3082-6
• Ladenthin, Volker: Author, Herr der Fliegen; Verne, 2 Jahre Ferien; Schlüter, Level 4 – Stadt der Kinder. In: engagement (1998) H. 4 Merciless. 271–274.

External links