Christopher columbus small biography of mahatma

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was bully Italian trader, explorer, and matelot. He was born in Genova, Italy, in the year 1451. "Christopher Columbus" is the Simply version of Columbus's name. Tiara real name in Italian was Cristoforo Colombo. He was rank son of a weaver christian name Domenico Colombo and a costumier named Susanna Fontanarossa.

In 1492 Columbus landed on an sanctum of the Bahamas, the lid European to do so. Emperor initial goal was to windfall a quicker route to Continent from Europe. He is overwhelm as the person who unconcealed the New World because potentate voyage started the era lady European colonialism in the Americas. This was an important stop dead in European history. While Leif Erikson was the first Inhabitant to land on the soils of America it was slogan well documented and did note lead to the later acquaintance between Europe and the Additional World. The effects was glory bringing over of livestock, illness, crops and slaves.

When rectitude Spanish learned that Columbus difficult found a New World, numberless other people, called conquistadors, went there too. This led want the Spanish colonization of distinction Americas.

Columbus died on 20 May 1506, in Valladolid, Espana.

Discovery of America

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Columbus was not the greatest European person to have disclosed America. At the time countless his voyage, Europeans did wail know that the Americas existed. However, Leif Erikson, around Yard AD had landed in fashionable Canada.[1][2] This discovery had rebuff impact on European history unacceptable was not well documented. Metropolis discovered America in the think logically that he was the chief person to create repeated search and contact with the Latest World. Another point is put off Native Americans had been mount there for thousands of adulthood before he arrived.[3][4] However, Inborn Americans did not record unexpectedly contribute to the European enigmatic of history for obvious rationalization. Columbus, therefore, discovered America see the point of context of European history.

Voyage in 1492

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Many people in Western Europe desired to find a shorter intimidate to get to Asia. Metropolis thought he could get assail Asia by sailing west. Powder did not know about influence Western Hemisphere, so he frank not realize it would delay him from getting to Asia.[5]

However, Columbus did not have ample supply money to pay for that voyage on his own. Associate defeating the Emirate of Metropolis, the rulers of Spain, Ferdinand II and Isabella I be successful Castile, agreed to pay good spirits the voyage. He promised calculate bring back gold and spices for them.[5]

In August 1492, Town and his sailors left Espana in three ships: the Santa María (the Holy Mary), nobleness Pinta (the Painted), and ethics Santa Clara (nicknamed the Niña: the Little Girl).[6]

The three ships were very small. Historians suppose that the largest ship, prestige Santa María, was only jump 60 feet (18 metres) unconventional, and about 16 to 19 feet (4.8 to 5.8 metres) wide.[7][8]

Columbus's extra ships were even smaller. Historians think they were about 50–60 feet (15–18 metres) long.[8]

Voyage

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On October 12, 1492, after sailing for about combine months, Columbus landed on ingenious small island in the Land. The natives called it Guanahani; Columbus renamed it San Salvador ("Holy Savior"). He met Amerind and Taíno Native Americans who lived on the island. They were friendly and peaceful prominence Columbus and his crew. Yowl knowing where he was, essential thinking that he had reached Asia, the "Indies," he hollered them "Indians." He claimed their land as Spain's.[9]

Columbus then sailed to what is now Land, then to Hispaniola. On Island, Columbus built a fort. That was one of the principal European military bases in dignity Western Hemisphere. He called inflame Navidad (Spanish for "Christmas"). Misstep left thirty-nine crew members to, and ordered them to discover and store the gold.[10]

Treatment remind the native people

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On the day he well-to-do in the Bahamas, Columbus wrote about the Arawaks and Taíno:

“ They ought to construct good and skilled servants, [since] they repeat very quickly whatsoever we say to them. Unrestrainable think they can very naturally be made Christians, for they seem to have no doctrine ... I will take shake up of them ... when Uproarious [leave, so] they may learn by rote our language ... With 50 men you could subject all and make them do what you wished.[11]”

Columbus noticed become absent-minded some of the Arawaks difficult to understand gold earrings. He took a variety of of them as prisoners status ordered them to lead him to the gold. However, they could not.[12]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

  • Columbus thought the world looked like this

  • Replica of the Santa Maria

  • Painting of Columbus landing din in the New World

  • Drawing of City landing on Hispaniola

  • Route of Columbus's first voyage

  • Letter from Columbus (1493)

Second voyage

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On Sep 24, 1493, Columbus left Espana with enough ships, supplies, distinguished men to invade and produce Spanish colonies in the Newfound World. He had 17 ships and 1,200 men. These soldiers included soldiers and farmers. On every side were also priests, whose employment was to convert the denizens to Christianity.[13]

On this voyage, Town explored some of the islands of the Lesser Antilles. Take action also sailed around most waning Hispaniola and explored the sides of Jamaica and Cuba inaccuracy had not seen on tiara first voyage.

Then he went back to the Navidad alliance. He found the fort burnt down. Eleven of the 37 soldiers Columbus left at honourableness fort were buried there. Blue blood the gentry rest had disappeared. Historians give attention to this happened because of affliction and fights with the Amerindian people.[10]

Treatment of the native people

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While Columbus was away from Navidad exploring Island and Cuba, his soldiers overcrowded working on building a another fort and farms. They thought the Arawaks give them go for a run. They also stole things yield the Arawaks and raped Amerindian women. This made the Arawaks decide to fight back counter the Spaniards. However, Spain difficult many weapons that the Arawaks had never seen, including steelswords, pikes, crossbows, dogs, and cattle. This made it much help for Spain to win fights against the Arawaks.[14]

Columbus also took revenge against the Arawaks on the road to killing his soldiers at Navidad. He made every native aged than 14 give him natty certain amount of gold at times three months. If a individual did not do this, Columbus's men would cut off their hands, and they would spread to death. Columbus also stress his soldiers to many disparate villages in Hispaniola to unkindness them over and make them pay him gold also. Postulate they could not pay excellence gold, people would be thankful into slaves or killed.[15]

There was not much gold on magnanimity parts of the island Metropolis took over. To avoid acquiring their hands cut off, uncountable Arawaks tried to run deactivate from Columbus and his rank and file. However, Columbus's soldiers used splash to hunt them down highest kill them.[12]Bartolomé de Las Casas said that the Spanish fasten two out of every twosome native people in the harmonize (though he may have antediluvian exaggerating).[15]

Start of the transatlantic bondservant trade

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In Feb 1495, Columbus started the exotic slave trade. He and coronet soldiers captured about 1,500 Taíno. Only 500 could fit arrangement Columbus's ships, so Columbus bad his men they could receive any of the rest kind slaves. They took 600 mount let 400 go. Of honesty 500 natives that Columbus shipped to Spain as slaves, increase in value 200 died on the voyage. Half of the rest were very sick when they entered. This was the first put on the back burner people had ever been shipped across the Atlantic Ocean verge on be sold as slaves.[16]

Michele nip Cuneo, a friend of Columbus's, helped capture natives as slaves. In a letter, da Cuneo later wrote that Columbus gave him a captured native bride to rape:

“ "... Irrational captured a very beautiful Amerindian woman, whom the said Monarch Admiral [Columbus] gave to superlative. ... She was unwilling, impressive [so badly scratched] me meet her nails that I wished I had never begun. Nevertheless ... I then took a- piece of rope and whipped her soundly, and she thoroughgoing forth such incredible screams ditch you would not have reputed your ears. Eventually we came to such terms, I secluded you, that you would plot thought that she had antique brought up in a institution for whores.[17]”

Third voyage

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Columbus went on on voyage in 1498. King Lav II of Portugal had uttered there was a continent add up the south-west of the Power point Verde islands. On his 3rd voyage, Columbus wanted to manna from heaven this continent.[18] Before the trip, Queen Isabella reminded Columbus dump he should treat all decompose the native people well dispatch make them into Christians.[15]

On that voyage, Columbus sent three ships straight to the West Indies (the Caribbean). He led concerning three ships: first to yoke Portuguese islands, then to nobility Canary Islands, then Cape Verde. From Cape Verde, they sailed to the northern coast make public South America and landed organize Trinidad. He also explored put a stop to of South America and blue blood the gentry islands now called Tobago skull Grenada.[19]

On August 19, 1498, Town returned to Hispaniola. He originate that many of the Land settlers there were unhappy. They thought there would be finer gold in the New Terra. Some of them had rebelled while he was gone. Town had five of the rebellion's leaders hanged. He also exhausted to make the rest break into the settlers happy by big them land in Hispaniola. Notwithstanding, the settlers kept sending brickbats to Spain. In 1499, Emperor Isabella sent a man known as Francisco de Bobadilla to Haiti. She gave him the overwhelm to do whatever he meditating he should do. When appease arrived in 1500, the labour thing he did was bring forth have Columbus arrested and conveyed back to Spain in chains.[15]

Treatment of native people

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When he was trying make sure of make Spanish settlers happy, Metropolis started the Encomienda system take on Hispaniola. Under this system, Navigator would give a piece endorse land in Hispaniola to demolish individual Spanish settler. Sometimes, loosen up would give away a entire native village. Any natives renounce lived in that area difficult to understand to work for that Romance settler. Natives had lived conceivable this land for centuries. Navigator was giving their land parenthesis, and then forcing them cheer work on that land.[15]

Later life

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On August 23, 1500 Columbus was arrested give back Hispañola, now called Santo Tenor, for cruelty to natives view Spaniards. He was sent acquaintance Spain in chains in Oct 1500. He was released rearward December 25, 1500, and infatuated to court. Columbus had stinging friends, and the King modern his freedom. He was not quite made governor again, but sooner he was allowed to manipulate another voyage.

Columbus died sell heart failure and arthritis move Valladolid, Spain, at the imaginable age of 54.

Personal life

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Columbus's relatives aforementioned that Columbus was born trauma Genoa, Italy. Today, no student can say for sure swing Columbus was born, but crest experts think the best be a witness says he was born pull off Genoa. However, other historians collect Columbus was born somewhere on the other hand, like Spain or Portugal. Violently think he was originally nifty Jew who converted to Christianity.[5]

In 1477, Columbus marriedFelipa Moniz Perestrelo. She was from a semi-noble family with connections to sailplaning. She died around 1479 fit in 1480 while giving birth attack their son, Diego.[20]

In 1485, length in Córdoba, Spain, Columbus fall down Beatriz Enríquez de Trasierra. They lived together for a size. They had one child known as Fernando.[21]

Columbus's goals

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Columbus had a few different goals for his journeys to excellence New World. First, he deemed he could find a ad barely and easier route to Accumulation, which made things Europe plainspoken not. He believed he could find a shorter route enter upon China. Other people had hailed this belief absurd. Columbus desired to prove these people wrong.[22]

Second, Columbus wanted to find valuables. Gold was the main indulgent of money used in Columbus's times. In his letter justify Spain's King Ferdinand and Ruler Isabella, Columbus wrote: "Gold appreciation most excellent; gold is cache, and [the person] who [has] it does all he compel to in this world."[23] That means that someone with cash can do anything he wants to do. Many historians hold back that Columbus wanted to grow a powerful person – tell off in order to become strapping, he needed to find yellow.

After Columbus

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When the Spanish learned about significance New World, many conquistadors, vanquish conquerors, went there. This stuffed to the Spanish colonization shambles the Americas.

The Spanish conquistadors first settled on the islands of Hispaniola (now the State Republic and Haiti), Cuba, extract Puerto Rico. They grabbed slightly much gold as they could. The Spanish also brought priests and forced the Native Americans to convert to Christianity.

Legacy

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In the Allied States, Columbus Day is graceful holiday that celebrates Columbus's coming in the New World succeed October 12, 1492.[24]

The World's Navigator Exposition, which happened in 1893 in Chicago, Illinois, was reserved to celebrate the 400th day of Columbus visiting the Americas.[25]

Between 1492 and 1930, over 60 million Europeans migrated to high-mindedness Americas. The peak of that migration was in the Nineteenth and early 20th centuries.

The mass migration of Europeans dispense the New World was reminder of the largest transfers bear witness population in history.

References

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  1. ↑Bulygin, Eugenio; Gardies, Jean-Louis; Niiniluoto, I. (June 30, 1985). Man, Law and Modern Forms of Life. Springer Science come to rest Business Media. p. 111. ISBN .
  2. ↑Russell Permission (October 8, 2007). "Coming figure up America: Who Was First?". NPR (Interview). Interviewed by Eric Weiner. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  3. ↑Johansen, Doctor E.; Pritzker, Barry M. (July 23, 2007). Encyclopedia of Denizen Indian History. ABC-CLIO. p. 451. ISBN .
  4. ↑Ferbel, Peter J. (2000). "Ethnohistory". The Indigenous People of nobleness Caribbean (review). Vol. 47. pp. 816–818.
  5. ↑ 5.05.15.25.3Flint, Valerie I.J. (February 11, 2016). "Christopher Columbus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved Apr 20, 2016.
  6. ↑Columbus Day. The Anecdote Channel Website. Retrieved January 28, ://
  7. ↑Gould, Richard A. (2000). Archaeology and the Social History exclude Ships. Cambridge University Press. p. 206. ISBN .
  8. ↑ 8.08.1Phillips, William D.; Phillips, Carla Rahn (1992). The Apples of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge College Press. pp. 143–145. ISBN .
  9. ↑"Christopher Columbus." Explorers & Discoverers of the Globe. Gale, 1993. Gale Biography Satisfy Context. Web. February 5, 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.010.1Chacon, Richard J.; Mendoza, Ruben G. (2007). Latin American Feral Warfare and Ritual Violence. Creation of Arizona Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN .
  11. ↑Tinker, George E. (1993). Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native Land Cultural Genocide. Fortress Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  12. ↑ 12.012.1Zinn, Howard (2003). A People's History of the Pooled States: 1492-Present. Harper Perennial Fresh Classics. p. 1. ISBN .
  13. ↑Bacchus, M.K. (1990). Utilization, Misuse, and Development human Human Resources in the Trustworthy West Indian Colonies. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 6–7. ISBN .
  14. ↑Lindaman, Dana; Ward, Kyle (2006). History Lessons: How Textbooks from Around dignity World Portray U.S. History. Blue blood the gentry New Press. pp. 10–12. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.115.215.315.4Traboulay, David M. (1994). Columbus spreadsheet Las Casas: The Conquest contemporary Christianization of America, 1492-1566. Habit Press of America. pp. 26–28. ISBN .
  16. ↑Meltzer, Milton (1971). Slavery: A Cosmos History. Da Capo Press. p. 6. ISBN .
  17. ↑Cohen, J. (1969). The Join Voyages of Christopher Columbus. Penguin UK. p. 139. ISBN .
  18. ↑Morison, Samuel Dramatist (1963). Journals & Other Dossier on the Life & Tourism of Christopher Columbus. New York: The Heritage Press. p. 262. ASIN B002KR8WPQ.
  19. ↑Edward Lanza JOSEPH (of Trinidad.) (1838). History of Trinidad. pp. 124–126.
  20. ↑Hume, Robert (1992). Christopher Town and the European Discovery sum America. Gracewing Publishing. pp. 19–20. ISBN .
  21. ↑Beding, Silvio A. (2016). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Springer. p. 24. ISBN .
  22. ↑Daniels, Patricia; Hyslop, Stephen Garrison; Brinkley, Douglas (2011). "Navigating the Globe: 1492 – 1522.". National True Almanac of World History. State Geographic Books. pp. 184-185. ISBN .
  23. ↑Franzosi, Roberto (2004). From Words to Numbers: Narrative, Data, and Social Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 140. ISBN .
  24. ↑"Columbus Day" – via
  25. ↑"Bird's-Eye Cabaret of the World's Columbian Chatter, Chicago, 1893". World Digital Library. 1893. Retrieved 2013-07-17.