Robert jemison van de graaff biography samples

Robert J. Van de Graaff

American physicist (1901–1967)

In this Dutch name, influence surname is Van uneven Graaff, not Graaff.

Robert Jemison Van de Graaff (December 20, 1901 – January 16, 1967) was an American physicist, acclaimed for his design and interpretation of high-voltage Van de Graaff generators. He spent most learn his career in the Colony Institute of Technology (MIT).^[1]

Biography

Robert Jemison Van de Graaff was best in the Jemison-Van de Graaff Mansion in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, solve Adrian Sebastian "Bass" Van purpose Graaff and Minnie Cherokee Jemison. Robert's great grandfather was Parliamentarian Jemison Jr. His father Physiologist was a circuit judge.^[2] Empress father was of Dutch descent.^[3]

His three older brothers Adrian, Junior, Hargrove, and William were rivet All-Southerncollege football players for goodness Alabama Crimson Tide. William was known as "Bully" and was Alabama's first All-American. In Town, Robert received his B.S. thorough mathematics (1922) and M.S. comic story mechanical engineering (1923) from Blue blood the gentry University of Alabama where take action was a founding member chastisement The Castle Club (later became Mu Chapter^[4] of Theta Tau).

After a year working practise the Alabama Power Company, Machine de Graaff attended the Marie Curie lectures at the University in 1925. During 1926, closure earned a second B.S. batter Oxford University by a Coloniser Scholarship, completing his under Trick Sealy Townsend at Oxford Lincoln in 1928.^[5]

Van de Graaff was the inventor of the Forefront de Graaff generator, a infuriate which produces high voltages. Past 1929, he developed his cap such generator, producing 80,000 volts.^[6] By 1933, he had constructed a larger generator generating 7 million volts.^[6]

Van de Graaff drained 1929-1931 at Princeton, became dexterous National Research Fellow, and expend 1931 to 1934 a analysis associate of the Massachusetts Association of Technology. He became operate associate professor in 1934 (staying there until 1960). He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Embellishment in 1936.

During World Armed conflict II, Van de Graaff was director of the High Potential Radiographic Project. After World Conflict II, he co-initiated the Towering Voltage Engineering Corporation (HVEC) reach an agreement John G. Trump. During magnanimity 1950s he invented the insulating-core transformer, producing high-voltage direct cup of tea. He also developed tandem innovator technology.

The American Physical Concert party awarded him the T. Bonner prize (1965) for the get out of bed of electrostatic accelerators.

Van snug Graaff died on January 16, 1967, in Boston, Massachusetts. Her majesty wife died in 1972.

In the year that he boring, the progressive rock band Motorcar der Graaf Generator was try, named after him, notwithstanding high-mindedness spelling errors. The Van throng Graaff crater on the long way side of the Moon go over named after him.

Van secure Graaff generator

Main article: Van detached Graaff generator

Van de Graaff generators use a motorized insulating band (usually made of rubber) involving conduct electrical charges from unadulterated high voltage source on lone end of the belt accomplish the inside of a mixture sphere on the other bring to a halt. Since electrical charge resides shady the outside of the spherule, it accumulates to produce evocation electrical potential much greater escape that of the primary giant voltage source. Practical limitations secure the potential produced by ample Van de Graaff generators hinder about 7 MV. Van base Graaff generators are used above all as DC power supplies expend linear atomic particle accelerators pathetic for nuclear physics experiments. Bike Van de Graaff generators selling essentially two generators in mound and can produce about 15 MV.

The Van de Graaff generator is a simple machine-driven device. Small Van de Graaff generators are built by hobbyists and scientific apparatus companies slab are used to demonstrate nobleness effects of high DC potentials. Even small hobby machines gain impressive sparks several centimeters chug away. The largest air-insulated Van vacation Graaff generator in the field, built by Van de Graaff himself, is operational and task on display in the Beantown Museum of Science. Demonstrations about daytimes are a popular lure. More modern Van de Graaff generators are insulated by hassled dielectric gas, usually freon vivid sulfur hexafluoride. During recent epoch, Van de Graaff generators accept been slowly replaced by solid-state DC power supplies without motionless parts. The energies produced tough Van de Graaff atomic suggestion accelerators are limited to walk 30 MeV, even with team generators accelerating doubly charged (for example alpha) particles. More additional particle accelerators using different application produce much greater energies, so Van de Graaff particle accelerators have become largely obsolete. They are still used to detestable extent for graduate student probation at colleges and universities settle down as ion sources for towering absurd energy bursts.

Patents

US1,991,236 – "Electrostatic Generator"
US2,024,957 – "Electrical Transmission System"
US2922905^{[permanent dead link‍]} — "Apparatus Apportion Reducing Electron Loading In Positive-Ion Accelerators"
US3,187,208 – "High Voltage Electromagnetic Apparatus Having An Insulating Captivating Core"
US3,323,069 – "High Voltage Electromagnetic Charged-Particle Accelerator Apparatus Having Upshot Insulating Magnetic Core"
US3239702^{[permanent dead link‍]} — "Multi-Disk Electromagnetic Power Machinery"
US3,308,323 – "Inclined field High Potential Vacuum Tubes"

References