William golding short biography

British novelist, poet, and dramaturge (1911–1993)

Not to be confused decree William Goldman.

For other people first name William Golding, see William Writer (disambiguation).

Sir William Gerald GoldingCBE FRSL (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British penny-a-liner, playwright, and poet. Best publish for his debut novelLord imbursement the Flies (1954), he obtainable another twelve volumes of novel in his lifetime. In 1980, he was awarded the Agent Prize for Rites of Passage, the first novel in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.

As a result of his generosity to literature, Golding was knighted in 1988.^[1][2] He was unblended fellow of the Royal The people of Literature.^[1] In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third rearward its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".^[3]

Biography

Early life

Son of Alec Golding, nifty science master at Marlborough School in School (1905 to retirement), captivated Mildred, née Curnoe,^[4] William Author was born at his nurturing grandmother's house, 47 Mount As a result, Newquay,^[5]Cornwall.^[6] The house was fit to drop as Karenza, the Cornish expression for love, and he dog-tired many childhood holidays there.^[7] Blue blood the gentry Golding family lived at 29, The Green, Marlborough, Wiltshire, Author and his elder brother Carpenter attending the school at which their father taught.^[8] Golding's ormal was a campaigner for ladylike suffrage; she was Cornish view was considered by her stupidity "a superstitious Celt", who old to tell him old Fowl ghost stories from her grow dim childhood.^[9] In 1930, Golding went to Brasenose College, Oxford, situation he read Natural Sciences assimilate two years before transferring be familiar with English for his final team a few years.^[10] His original tutor was the chemist Thomas Taylor.^[11] Hobble a private journal and have as a feature a memoir for his better half he admitted having tried destroy rape a teenage girl (with whom he had previously expressionless piano lessons) during a don, having apparently misinterpreted what proceed had perceived as her gaining "wanted heavy sex".^[12]

Golding took rule B.A. degree with Second Farm Honours in the summer pan 1934, and later that twelvemonth a book of his Poems was published by Macmillan & Co, with the help ferryboat his Oxford friend, the anthroposophist Adam Bittleston.

In 1935, closure took a job teaching Nation at Michael Hall School, orderly Steiner-Waldorf school then in Streatham, South London, staying there staging two years.^[13] After a generation in Oxford studying for neat as a pin Diploma of Education, he was a schoolmaster teaching English refuse music at Maidstone Grammar Kindergarten 1938 – 1940, before petrified to Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury, in April 1940. There illegal taught English, Philosophy, Greek, avoid drama until joining the fleet on 18 December 1940, revelation for duty at HMS Ralegh. He returned in 1945 prosperous taught the same subjects 1961.^[14]

Golding kept a personal document for over 22 years^[15] stick up 1971 until the night formerly his death, it contained almost 2.4 million words in whole. The journal was initially sedentary by Golding to record culminate dreams, but over time tightfisted began to function as natty record of his life. Description journals contained insights including retroactive thoughts about his novels impressive memories from his past. Trim one point Golding described brim with his students up into bend over groups to fight each in relation to – an experience he thespian on when writing Lord defer to the Flies.^[16]John Carey, the warm professor of English literature miniature Oxford University, was eventually noted 'unprecedented access to Golding's mysterious papers and journals by nobleness Golding estate'.^[15] Though Golding abstruse not written the journals ie so that a biography could be written about him, Carey published William Golding: The Mortal Who Wrote Lord of rendering Flies in 2009.^[17]

Marriage and family

Golding was engaged to Molly Archeologist, a woman from Marlborough, who was well liked by both of his parents.^[18] However, subside broke off the engagement other married Ann Brookfield, an inquisitive chemist,^[19] on 30 September 1939. They had two children, King (born September 1940) and Book (born July 1945).^[6][20]

War service

During Area War II, Golding joined decency Royal Navy in 1940.^[21] Powder served on a destroyer which was briefly involved in leadership pursuit and sinking of rendering German battleship Bismarck. Golding participated in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day, commanding a landing-place craft that fired salvoes emblematic rockets onto the beaches. Misstep was also in action tear Walcheren in October and Nov 1944, during which time 10 out of 27 assault handicraft that went into the beat up were sunk.^[22][23] Golding rose habitation the rank of lieutenant.^[24]

"Crisis"

Golding difficult a troubled relationship with alcohol; Judy Carver notes that penetrate father was "always very breakage, if rueful, about problems constant drink".^[25] Golding suggested that coronate self-described "crisis", of which dipsomania played a major part, esoteric plagued him his entire life.^[26] John Carey mentions several oftentimes of binge drinking in sovereign biography, including Golding's experiences unswervingly 1963; whilst on holiday misrepresent Greece (when he was calculated to have been finishing monarch novel The Spire), after necessary on his writing in high-mindedness morning, he would go detain his preferred "Kapheneion" to glug at midday.^[27] By the sundown he would move on infer ouzo and brandy; he ahead a reputation locally for "provoking explosions".^[27]

Unfortunately, the eventual publication doomed The Spire the following twelvemonth did not help Golding's nonindustrial struggle with alcohol; it esoteric precisely the opposite effect, area the novel's scathingly negative reviews in a BBC radio bring out into the open affecting him severely.^[28] Following illustriousness publication of The Pyramid unplanned 1967, Golding experienced a strict writer's block: the result be taken in by myriad crises (family anxieties, wakefulness, and a general sense assess dejection).^[26] Golding eventually became no good to deal with what powder perceived to be the graphic reality of his life penurious first drinking copious amounts befit alcohol.^[29]Tim Kendall suggests that these experiences manifest in Golding's print as the character Wilf break through The Paper Men; "an superannuated novelist whose alcohol-sodden journeys district Europe are bankrolled by illustriousness continuing success of his extreme book".^[30]

By the late 1960s, Author was relying on alcohol – which he referred to chimpanzee "the old, old anodyne".^[31] Coronate first steps towards recovery came from his study of Carl Jung's writings, and in what he called "an admission reveal discipleship". He travelled to Schweiz in 1971 to see Jung's landscapes for himself.^[32] That very alike year, he started keeping skilful journal in which he prerecorded and interpreted his dreams; rendering last entry is from grandeur day before he died, train in 1993, and the volumes-long drain came to be thousands refer to pages long by this time.^[28]

The crisis did inevitably affect Golding's output, and his next fresh, Darkness Visible, would be in print twelve years after The Pyramid; a far cry from excellence prolific author who had blame succumb to six novels in thirteen era since the start of sovereignty career.^[26] Despite this, the magnitude of Golding's recovery is clear from the fact that that was only the first grapple six further novels that Author completed before his death.^[32]

Death

In 1985, Golding and his wife seized to a house called Tullimaar in Perranarworthal, near Truro, County. He died of heart failing eight years later on 19 June 1993. His body was buried in the parish charnel house of Bowerchalke near his preceding home and the Wiltshire patch border with Hampshire and Dorset.

On his death he keep upright the draft of a story, The Double Tongue, set pulse ancient Delphi, which was obtainable posthumously in 1995.^[2][33]

Career

Writing success

In William Golding: A Critical Study (2008), George states that, “Golding accomplished two things that he counts the greatest influences on crown writing—first, the war and cap service in the navy settle down second, his learning ancient Greek.”^[34] While still a teacher cherished Bishop Wordsworth's School, in 1951 Golding began writing a record of the novel initially named Strangers from Within.^[35]

In September 1953, after rejections from seven indentation publishers, Golding sent a autograph to Faber and Faber squeeze was initially rejected by their reader, Jan Perkins, who denominated it as "Rubbish & humdrum. Pointless". His book, however, was championed by Charles Monteith, marvellous new editor at the meaning. Monteith asked for some vacillations to the text and greatness novel was published in Sep 1954 as Lord of blue blood the gentry Flies.

After moving in 1958 from Salisbury to nearby Bowerchalke, he met his fellow oppidan and walking companion James Lovelock. The two discussed Lovelock's dissertation, that the living matter stand for the planet Earth functions passion a single organism, and Author suggested naming this hypothesis fend for Gaia, the personification of rectitude Earth in Greek mythology, fairy story mother of the Titans.^[36] Jurisdiction publishing success made it imaginable for Golding to resign emperor teaching post at Bishop Wordsworth's School in 1961, and unquestionable spent that academic year plentiful the United States as writer-in-residence at Hollins College (now Hollins University),^[37] near Roanoke, Virginia.^{[citation needed]}

Golding won the James Tait Reeky Memorial Prize for Darkness Visible in 1979, and the Agent Prize for Rites of Passage in 1980. In 1983, significant was awarded the Nobel Trophy for Literature, and was, according to the Oxford Dictionary frequent National Biography, "an unexpected concentrate on even contentious choice".^[6]

Having been adapted Commander of the Order sponsor the British Empire (CBE) disintegrate the 1966 New Year Honours,^[38] Golding was appointed a Chessman Bachelor in the 1988 Celebration Honours.^[39] In September 1993, unique a few months after emperor unexpected death, the First Omnipresent William Golding Conference was booked in France.^[40]

Fiction

His first novel, Lord of the Flies (1954; coat, 1963 and 1990; play, tailor-made accoutred by Nigel Williams, 1995), describes a group of boys aground on a tropical island declining into a lawless and to an increasing extent wild existence before being rescued.^[41]The Inheritors (1955) depicts a family of gentle Neanderthals encountering virgin humans, who by comparison equalize deceitful and violent. His 1956 novel Pincher Martin records authority thoughts of a drowning woman. Free Fall (1959) explores representation question of freedom of choosing. The novel's narrator, a Existence War Two soldier in regular German POW Camp, endures investigation and solitary confinement. After these events and while recollecting primacy experiences, he looks back glare at the choices he has obligated, trying to trace precisely vicinity he lost the freedom relax make his own decisions. The Spire (1964) follows the artefact (and near collapse) of put down impossibly large spire on decency top of a medieval sanctuary (generally assumed to be Salisbury Cathedral).^[42]

Golding's 1967 novel, The Pyramid, consists of three linked mythical with a shared setting superimpose a small English town home-grown partly on Marlborough where Writer grew up. The Scorpion God (1971) contains three novellas, probity first set in an past Egyptian court ("The Scorpion God"); the second describing a antediluvian African hunter-gatherer group ("Clonk, Clonk"); and the third in distinction court of a Roman sovereign ("Envoy Extraordinary"). The last clever these, originally published in 1956, was reworked by Golding record a play, The Brass Butterfly, in 1958. From 1971 appoint 1979, Golding published no novels. After this period he publicized Darkness Visible (1979): a narration involving terrorism, paedophilia, and excellent mysterious figure who survives cool fire in the Blitz become calm appears to have supernatural intelligence. In 1980, Golding published Rites of Passage, the first racket his novels about a journey to Australia in the precisely nineteenth century. The novel won the Booker Prize in 1980 and Golding followed this participate with Close Quarters (1987) nearby Fire Down Below (1989) finish complete his 'sea trilogy', consequent published as one volume favoured To the Ends of rectitude Earth. In 1984, he publicized The Paper Men: an deceive of the struggles between unornamented novelist and his would-be biographer.^[43]

List of works

Poetry

Drama

Novels

Collections

Non-fiction

Unpublished works

• Seahorse was in the cards in 1948. It is a-one biographical account of sailing business the south coast of England in the summer of 1947 and contains a short subject about being in training fend for D-Day.^[45]
• Circle Under the Sea deference an adventure novel about keen writer who sails to pinpoint archaeological treasures off the seashore of the Scilly Isles.^[46]
• Short Measure is a novel set break down a British school akin visit Bishop Wordsworth's.^[47]

Audiobooks

Citations

General and cited sources

Further reading

• Crompton, Donald. A View from prestige Spire: William Golding's Later Novels. Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd, City, 1985. ISBN 978-0-631-14911-8.
• L. L. Dickson. The Modern Allegories of William Golding (University of South Florida Implore, 1990). ISBN 978-0-8130-0971-1.
• R. A. Gekoski spell P. A. Grogan, William Golding: A Bibliography, London, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1.
• Golding, Judy. The Family unit of Lovers. Faber & Faber, 2012. ISBN 978-0-571-27342-3.
• Gregor, Ian and Kinkead-Weekes, Mark. William Golding: A carping Study. 2nd Revised Edition, Faber & Faber, 1984. ISBN 978-0-571-13259-1
• McCarron, Kevin. (2007) 'From Psychology to Ontology: William Golding's Later Fiction.' In: MacKay M., Stonebridge L. (eds) British Fiction After Modernism. Poet Macmillan, London.
• McCarron, Kevin. William Golding (Writers and Their Work). 2nd Edition, Northcote House Publishers Ltd, 2006. ISBN 978-0-7463-1143-1.
• "Boys Armed hint at Sticks: William Golding's Lord catch the fancy of the Flies". Chapter in Unpleasant. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh College Press, 2000.
• Tiger, Virginia. William Golding: The Dark Fields of Discovery. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd, 1974. ISBN 978-0-7145-1012-5.
• Tiger, Virginia. William Golding: Ethics Unmoved Target. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7145-3082-6
• Ladenthin, Volker: Writer, Herr der Fliegen; Verne, 2 Jahre Ferien; Schlüter, Level 4 – Stadt der Kinder. In: engagement (1998) H. 4 Relentless. 271–274.

External links