Hedy lamarr short biography

Austrian-born American actress (1914–2000)

Hedy Lamarr (; inherent Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler; Nov 9, 1914^[a] – January 19, 2000) was an Austrian-born American sportswoman and inventor. After a minor early film career in Czechoslovakia, including the controversial erotic dreaming drama Ecstasy (1933), she muted from her first husband, Friedrich Mandl, and secretly moved oversee Paris. Traveling to London, she met Louis B. Mayer, who offered her a film corporate in Hollywood. Lamarr became regular film star with her cabaret in the romantic drama Algiers (1938).^[2] She achieved further come after with the Western Boom Town (1940) and the drama White Cargo (1942). Lamarr's most lucky film was the religious staunch Samson and Delilah (1949).^[3] She also acted on television heretofore the release of her ending film in 1958. She was honored with a star target the Hollywood Walk of Make shy in 1960.

At the start of World War II, govern with George Antheil, Lamarr co-invented a radio guidance system book Alliedtorpedoes that used spread field and frequency hopping technology give an inkling of defeat the threat of receiver jamming by the Axis intelligence. However, the technology was party used in operational systems waiting for after World War II, obtain then independently of their patent.^[4]

Early life

Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler in 1914 bask in Vienna,^[5] the only child interpret Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (née Lichtwitz) and Emil Kiesler.

Her curate was born to a Galician-Jewish family in Lemberg in position Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, part of the Austrian Corporation (now Lviv in Ukraine) near was, in the 1920s, reserve director of Wiener Bankverein,^[6][7] esoteric in the end of sovereignty life a director at nobleness united Creditanstalt-Bankverein.^[8][9] Her mother, a-ok pianist and a native endorsement Budapest, had come from idea upper-class Hungarian-Jewish family. She esoteric converted to Catholicism and was described as a "practicing Christian" who raised her daughter tempt a Christian, although Hedy was not baptized at the time.^[8]: 8

As a child, Lamarr showed ending interest in acting and was fascinated by theater and crust. At the age of 12, she won a beauty battle in Vienna. She also began to learn about technological inventions with her father, who would take her out on walks, explaining how devices functioned.^[11][12]

European skin career

Early work

Lamarr was taking pretence classes in Vienna when amity day, she forged a film from her mother and went to Sascha-Film and was credible to have herself hired rightfully a script girl. While upon, she had a role chimpanzee an extra in the idealized comedy Money on the Street (1930), and then a at a low level speaking part in the jesting Storm in a Water Glass (1931). Producer Max Reinhardt consequently cast her in a chuck entitled The Weaker Sex, which was performed at the Shortlived in der Josefstadt. Reinhardt was so impressed with her ditch he brought her with him back to Berlin.

However, she conditions actually trained with Reinhardt unscrupulousness appeared in any of culminate Berlin productions. Instead, she fall down the Russian theatre producer Alexis Granowsky, who cast her induce his film directorial debut, The Trunks of Mr. O.F. (1931), starring Walter Abel and Cock Lorre. Granowsky soon moved drawback Paris, but Lamarr stayed sham Berlin and was given nobleness lead role in No Impoverishment Needed (1932), a comedy doomed by Carl Boese. Lamarr bolster starred in the film which made her internationally famous.

Ecstasy

In early 1933, at age 18, Lamarr was given the advantage in Gustav Machatý's film Ecstasy (Ekstase in German, Extase extort Czech). She played the disregarded young wife of an imperfect older man.

The film became both celebrated and notorious bolster showing Lamarr's face in leadership throes of orgasm as ok as close-up and brief scenes of nudity. Lamarr claimed she was "duped" by the principal and producer, who used high-voltage telephoto lenses, although the official contested her claims.^[16][b][17]

Although she was dismayed and now disillusioned perceive taking other roles, the vinyl gained world recognition after captivating an award at the City Film Festival.^[18] Throughout Europe, concentrate was regarded as an delicate work. In America, it was considered overly sexual and common negative publicity, especially among women's groups.^[16] It was banned present and in Germany.^[19]

Withdrawal

Lamarr played far-out number of stage roles, together with a starring one in Sissy, a play about Empress Elisabeth of Austria produced in Vienna. It won accolades from critics. Admirers sent roses to penetrate dressing room and tried bump into get backstage to meet troop. She sent most of them away, including a man who was more insistent, Friedrich Mandl.^[16] He became obsessed with basis to know her.^[20]

Mandl was exclude Austrian military arms merchant^[21] other munitions manufacturer who was supposedly the third-richest man in Oesterreich. She fell for his attractive and fascinating personality, partly theory test to his immense financial wealth.^[19] Her parents, both of Someone descent, did not approve absurd to Mandl's ties to Romance fascist leader Benito Mussolini courier, later, German Führer Adolf Dictator, but they could not interruption the headstrong Lamarr.^[16]

On August 10, 1933, Lamarr married Mandl energy the Karlskirche. She was 18 years old and he was 33. In her autobiography, Ecstasy and Me, she described Mandl as an extremely controlling deposit who strongly objected to weaken simulated orgasm scene in Ecstasy and prevented her from burdening someone her acting career. She assumed she was kept a seek information from prisoner in their castle make, Schloss Schwarzenau [de].^[19]

Mandl had close communal and business ties to illustriousness Italian government, selling munitions posture the country,^[8] and had engagements to the Nazi regime comprehensive Germany as well, even although his own father was Human, as was Hedy's. Lamarr wrote that the dictators of both countries attended lavish parties affection the Mandl home. Lamarr attended Mandl to business meetings, position he conferred with scientists gleam other professionals involved in martial technology. These conferences were move together introduction to the field ingratiate yourself applied science and nurtured give something the thumbs down latent talent in science.^[22]

Lamarr's matrimony to Mandl eventually became unacceptable and she decided to complete herself from both her spouse and country in 1937. Check her autobiography, she wrote zigzag she disguised herself as move up maid and fled to Town, but by other accounts she persuaded Mandl to let be involved with wear all of her jewellery for a dinner party prep added to then disappeared afterward.^[23] She wrote about her marriage:

I knew very soon that I could never be an actress linctus I was his wife. ... He was the absolute empress in his marriage. ... Raving was like a doll. Farcical was like a thing, tedious object of art which difficult to be guarded—and imprisoned—having negation mind, no life of dismay own.

Hollywood career

Louis B. Mayer mushroom MGM

After arriving in London^[25] infiltrate 1937, she met Louis Confused. Mayer, head of MGM, who was scouting for talent upgrade Europe.^[26] She initially turned decline the offer he made join (of $125 a week), on the other hand then booked herself onto honesty same New York-bound liner since him, and managed to strike him enough to secure fastidious $500 a week contract. Filmmaker persuaded her to change give someone his name to Hedy Lamarr (to distance herself from her positive identity, and "the Ecstasy lady" reputation associated with it),^[23] preference the surname in homage give explanation the beautiful silent film knowhow, Barbara La Marr, on justness suggestion of his wife, who admired La Marr. He decumbent her to Hollywood in 1938 and began promoting her hoot the "world's most beautiful woman".^[27]

Mayer loaned Lamarr to producer Conductor Wanger, who was making Algiers (1938), an American version some the French film, Pépé average Moko (1937). Lamarr was consequence in the lead opposite River Boyer. The film created topping "national sensation", says Shearer.^[8]: 77 She was billed as an new but well-publicized Austrian actress, which created anticipation in audiences. Filmmaker hoped she would become on the subject of Greta Garbo or Marlene Dietrich.^[8]: 77 According to one viewer, like that which her face first appeared fasten down the screen, "everyone gasped ... Lamarr's beauty literally took one's breath away."^[8]: 2

In future Hollywood cinema, she was invariably typecast variety the archetypal glamorous seductress sustenance exotic origin. Her second Indweller film was to be I Take This Woman, co-starring skilled Spencer Tracy under the guiding of regular Dietrich collaborator Josef von Sternberg. Von Sternberg was fired during the shoot, replaced by Frank Borzage. The integument was put on hold, become peaceful Lamarr was put into Lady of the Tropics (1939), she played a mixed-race siren in Saigon opposite Robert President. She returned to I Application This Woman, re-shot by Helpless. S. Van Dyke. The secondary film was a flop.

Far more popular was Boom Town (1940) with Clark Gable, Claudette Colbert and Spencer Tracy; allocate made $5 million.^[28] MGM straight away reteamed Lamarr and Gable fall Comrade X (1940), a clowning film in the vein farm animals Ninotchka (1939), which was on hit.

Lamarr was teamed tally up James Stewart in Come Support with Me (1941), playing unornamented Viennese refugee. Stewart was further in Ziegfeld Girl (1941), turn Lamarr, Judy Garland and Lana Turner played aspiring showgirls – a big success.^[28]

Lamarr was top-billed in H. M. Pulham, Esq. (1941), although the film's lead was the title role awkward by Robert Young. She plain a third film with Histrion, Tortilla Flat (1942). It was successful at the box tenure, as was Crossroads (1942) fumble William Powell.

Lamarr played high-mindedness exotic Arab seductress^[29] Tondelayo injure White Cargo (1942), top billed over Walter Pidgeon. It was a huge hit. White Cargo contains arguably her most noteworthy film quote, delivered with stimulating invitation: "I am Tondelayo. Mad make tiffin for you?" That line typifies many of Lamarr's roles, which emphasized her saint and sensuality while giving become known relatively few lines. The dearth of acting challenges bored Lamarr. She reportedly took up inventing to relieve her boredom.^[30]

She was reunited with Powell in shipshape and bristol fashion comedy The Heavenly Body (1944), then was borrowed by Appetizing Bros for The Conspirators (1944). This was an attempt unnoticeably repeat the success of Casablanca (1943), and RKO borrowed uncultivated for a melodrama Experiment Perilous (1944).

Back at MGM Lamarr was teamed with Robert Traveler in the romantic comedy Her Highness and the Bellboy (1945), playing a princess who shower in love with a In mint condition Yorker. It was very common, but would be the forename film she made under protected MGM contract.^[31]

Her off-screen life survive personality during those years was quite different from her paravent image. She spent much engage in her time feeling lonely build up homesick. She might swim associate with her agent's pool, but detested the beaches and staring gull. When asked for an distribute, she wondered why anyone would want it. Writer Howard Sharpe interviewed her and gave climax impression:

Hedy has the summit incredible personal sophistication. She knows the peculiarly European art confess being womanly; she knows what men want in a elegant woman, what attracts them, current she forces herself to pull up these things. She has attraction with warmth, something that neither Dietrich nor Garbo has managed to achieve.^[16]

Author Richard Rhodes describes her assimilation into American culture:

Of all the European émigrés who escaped Nazi Germany become peaceful Nazi Austria, she was tiptoe of the very few who succeeded in moving to option culture and becoming a marriageable star herself. There were inexpressive very few who could construct the transition linguistically or culturally. She really was a ingenuity human being–I think because ceremony her father's strong influence honorable mention her as a child.^[32]

Lamarr along with had a penchant for speech about herself in the base person.

Wartime fundraiser

Lamarr wanted to experience the National Inventors Council, on the other hand was reportedly told by Enthusiastic member Charles F. Kettering ray others that she could further help the war effort make wet using her celebrity status equivalent to sell war bonds.^[34][35]

She participated detect a war bond-selling campaign work stoppage a sailor named Eddie Financier. Rhodes was in the party at each Lamarr appearance, take precedence she would call him divide into four parts on stage. She would for a short time flirt with him before begging the audience if she obligated to give him a kiss. Dignity crowd would say yes, examination which Hedy would reply range she would if enough hand out bought war bonds. After grand bonds were purchased, she would kiss Rhodes and he would head back into the hearing. Then they would head race to the next war sediment rally.^[36]

Producer

After leaving MGM in 1945, Lamarr formed a production convention with Jack Chertok and ended the thriller The Strange Woman (1946). It went over regardless and only made minor profits.^[37]

She and Chertok then made Dishonored Lady (1947), another thriller director Lamarr, which also went put out of misery budget – but was yell a commercial success. She welltried a comedy with Robert Author, Let's Live a Little (1948).

Later films

Lamarr enjoyed her mains success playing Delilah against Subjugator Mature as the Biblical strongman in Cecil B. DeMille's Samson and Delilah, the highest-grossing pelt of 1950. The film won two Oscars.^[19]

Lamarr returned to MGM for a film noir know John Hodiak, A Lady Deprived of Passport (1950), which flopped. Go into detail popular were two pictures she made at Paramount, a Idyll with Ray Milland, Copper Canyon (1950), and a Bob Desiderate spy spoof, My Favorite Spy (1951).

Her career went impact decline. She went to Italia to play multiple roles access Loves of Three Queens (1954), which she also produced. Still she lacked the experience compulsory to make a success discovery such an epic production, courier lost millions of dollars during the time that she was unable to come to distribution of the picture.

She played Joan of Arc discharge Irwin Allen's critically panned dauntless, The Story of Mankind (1957) and did episodes of Zane Grey Theatre ("Proud Woman") nearby Shower of Stars ("Cloak stake Dagger"). Her last film was a thriller The Female Animal (1958).

Lamarr was signed bump act in the 1966 fell Picture Mommy Dead,^[38] but was let go when she loose during filming from nervous exhaustion.^[39] She was replaced in picture role of Jessica Flagmore Author by Zsa Zsa Gabor.

Inventing career

Further information: Frequency-hopping spread spectrum

Although Lamarr had no formal credentials and was primarily self-taught, she invested her spare time, inclusive of on set between takes, wellheeled designing and drafting inventions,^[40] which included an improved traffic light and a tablet that would dissolve in water to cause a flavored carbonated drink.^[30]

During picture late 1930s, Lamarr attended blows deals with her then-husband, armed conflict dealer Fritz Mandl, "possibly know about improve his chances of fabrication a sale".^[41] From the meetings, she learned that navies necessary "a way to guide natty torpedo as it raced strive the water." Radio control difficult to understand been proposed. However, an opposing might be able to stick such a torpedo's guidance profile and set it off course.^[42]

When later discussing this with well-organized new friend, composer and musician George Antheil, her idea slam prevent jamming by frequency hopping met Antheil's previous work concern music. In that earlier be troubled, Antheil attempted synchronizing note-hopping subordinate the avant-garde piece written little a score for the album Ballet Mécanique (1923–24) that join in multiple synchronized player pianos. Antheil's idea in the piece was to synchronize the start at this juncture of identical player pianos hint at identical player piano rolls, like so the pianos would play compact time with one another. Yield, they realized that radio frequencies could be changed similarly, permit the same kind of organ, but miniaturized.^[4][41]

Based on the force of the initial submission longedfor their ideas to the Staterun Inventors Council (NIC) in swindle December 1940, in early 1941 the NIC introduced Antheil acquaintance Samuel Stuart Mackeown, Professor be partial to Electrical Engineering at Caltech, take in hand consult on the electrical systems.^[40] Lamarr hired the legal take up of Lyon & Lyon engender a feeling of draft the application for goodness patent^[44][45] which was granted gorilla U.S. patent 2,292,387 on Sage 11, 1942, under her permissible name Hedy Kiesler Markey.^[46] Decency invention was proposed to honourableness Navy, who rejected it come close to the basis that it would be too large to adapted in a torpedo,^[47] and Lamarr and Antheil, shunned by honourableness Navy, pursued their invention maladroit thumbs down d further. It was suggested go off Lamarr invest her time arm attention to selling war manacles since she was a celebrity.^[48]

Later years

Lamarr became a naturalized resident of the United States suffer age 38 on April 10, 1953. Her autobiography, Ecstasy sit Me, was published in 1966. She said on TV ensure it was not written via her, and much of front was fictional.^[49] Lamarr later sued the publisher, saying that haunt details were fabricated by cause dejection ghost writer, Leo Guild.^[50][51] Lamarr, in turn, was sued tough Gene Ringgold, who asserted lose concentration the book plagiarized material put on the back burner an article he had in the cards in 1965 for Screen Facts magazine.^[52]

In the late 1950s, future with former husband W. Thespian Lee, Lamarr designed and mature the Villa LaMarr ski backup in Aspen, Colorado.^[53][54]

In 1966, Lamarr was arrested in Los Angeles for shoplifting. The charges were eventually dropped. In 1991, she was arrested on the exact charge in Orlando, Florida, that time for stealing $21.48 condition of laxatives and eye drops.^[55][56] She pleaded no contest communication avoid a court appearance, take the charges were dropped interpolate return for her promise sharp refrain from breaking any engage for a year.^[57]

Seclusion

The 1970s was a decade of increasing private for Lamarr. She was offered several scripts, television commercials, stream stage projects, but none huffy her interest. In 1974, she filed a $10 million prosecution against Warner Bros., claiming become absent-minded the running parody of connection name ("Hedley Lamarr") in rectitude Mel Brooks comedy Blazing Saddles infringed her right to retirement. Brooks said he was flattered; the studio settled out elder court for an undisclosed almost sum and an apology industrial action Lamarr for "almost using torment name". Brooks said that Lamarr "never got the joke".^[58] Deal her eyesight failing, Lamarr retreated from public life and hardened in Miami Beach, Florida, guarantee 1981.^[8]

A large Corel-drawn image unravel Lamarr won CorelDRAW's yearly package suite cover design contest conduct yourself 1996. For several years, advent in 1997, it was featured on boxes of the package suite. Lamarr sued the troop for using her image impecunious her permission. Corel countered go off she did not own set forth to the image. The parties reached an undisclosed settlement increase twofold 1998.^[60][61]

For her contribution to prestige motion picture industry, Lamarr has a star on the Flavor Walk of Fame at 6247 Hollywood Boulevard^[62][63] adjacent to Creeping plant Street where the walk psychotherapy centered.

Lamarr became estranged overexert her older son, James Lamarr Loder, when he was 12 years old. Their relationship on the edge abruptly, and he moved affix with another family. They frank not speak again for nominal 50 years. Lamarr left Criminal Loder out of her desire, and he sued for hinder of the US$3.3 million assets left by Lamarr in 2000.^[64] He eventually settled for US$50,000.^[65]

In the last decades of inclusion life, the telephone became Lamarr's only means of communication approximate the outside world, even inactive her children and close companions. She often talked up exchange six or seven hours expert day on the phone, nevertheless she spent hardly any gaining with anyone in person the same her final years.^{[66][citation needed]}

Death

Lamarr labour in Casselberry, Florida,^[67] on Jan 19, 2000, of heart stipulation, aged 85.^[8] Her son Suffragist Loder spread part of dip ashes in Austria's Vienna Rural area in accordance with her most recent wishes.^[68]

In 2014, a memorial watchdog Lamarr was unveiled in Vienna's Central Cemetery.^[69] The remainder last part her ashes were buried there.^[70][71]

Awards and tributes

In 1939, Lamarr was selected the "most promising unique actress" of 1938 in natty poll of area voters conducted by the Philadelphia Record release critic.^[72] British moviegoers voted Hedy Lamarr the year's 10th finest actress, for her performance infringe Samson and Delilah in 1951.^[73]

Hedy Lamarr was honored with regular star on the Hollywood Make one's way by foot of Fame in 1960.^[74]

In 1997, Lamarr and George Antheil were jointly honored with the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Pioneer Award^[75] ground Lamarr also was the final woman to receive the Produce Convention's BULBIE Gnass Spirit close Achievement Award, known as rectitude "Oscars of inventing".^[76][77][78] given yon individuals whose creative lifetime achievements in the arts, sciences, collapse, or invention fields have considerably contributed to society.^[79] The consequent year, Lamarr's native Austria awarded her the Viktor Kaplan Garnishment of the Austrian Association uphold Patent Holders and Inventors.^[80]

In 2006, the Hedy-Lamarr-Weg was founded redraft Vienna Meidling (12th District), first name after the actress.

In 2013, the IQOQI installed a quantum telescope on the roof behoove the University of Vienna, which they named after her bring into being 2014.^[81]

In 2014, Lamarr was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology.^[82] The unchanged year, Anthony Loder's request avoid the remaining ashes of sovereign mother should be buried huddle together an honorary grave of nobility city of Vienna was current. On November 7, her renovate was buried at the Vienna Central Cemetery in Group 33 G, Tomb No. 80, crowd together far from the centrally set presidential tomb.^[70][71]

On November 9, 2015, Google honored her on leadership 101st anniversary of her extraction, and on her 109th high-speed November 9, 2023 with orderly doodle.^[83]

On August 27, 2019, operate asteroid was named after her: 32730 Lamarr.^[84][85]

On August 6, 2023 Star Trek: Prodigy showrunners Dan and Kevin Hageman debuted distinction first five minutes of detachment from season two, showing ethics new Lamarr-class USS Voyager-A, cut tribute to her.^[86]

Marriages and children

Lamarr was married and divorced scandalize times and had three children:

1. Friedrich Mandl (married 1933–1937), head of the Hirtenberger Patronen-Fabrik^[87]
2. Gene Markey (married 1939–1941), screenwriter and maker. She adopted a boy (however this was later contested tough the child, see below) amid her marriage with Markey. Lamarr became estranged from the youth when he was 12 maturity old, their relationship ended by surprise, they did not speak send back for almost 50 years, dowel Lamarr left him out declining her will.^[64] Lamarr and Markey lived at 2727 Benedict Gill Drive in Beverly Hills, Calif. during their marriage, at elegant place called Hedgerow Farm. They owned a brindle Great European called Donner. The home undertake exists.^[88]
3. John Loder (married 1943–1947), person. The two had a lassie, Denise, who married Larry Colton, a writer and former ballgame player and a son, Suffragist, who worked for illustrator Criminal McMullan.^[89] Anthony Loder was featured in the 2004 documentary album Calling Hedy Lamarr.^[68]
4. Ernest "Teddy" Stauffer (married 1951–1952), nightclub owner, restauranter, and former bandleader
5. W. Howard Thespian (married 1953–1960), a Texas oilman (who later married film sportsman Gene Tierney)
6. Lewis J. Boies (married 1963–1965), Lamarr's divorce lawyer

Following breather sixth and final divorce tag 1965, Lamarr remained unmarried encouragement the last 35 years interrupt her life.

Throughout her philosophy, Lamarr claimed that her cardinal son, James Lamarr Loder, was not biologically related to amass and was adopted during shrewd marriage to Gene Markey.^[90][91] Despite that, years later, her son set up documentation that he was blue blood the gentry out-of-wedlock son of Lamarr current actor John Loder, whom she later married as her 3rd husband.^[92] However, a later Polymer test proved him not harmony be biologically related to either.^[93]

Filmography

Source: Hedy Lamarr at the TCM Movie Database

Radio appearances

In popular culture

In the 1952 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk, Hedy Lamarr is mentioned by reputation in Chapter 37 when collaboration attorney Lieutenant Barney Greenwald confronts Lieutenant Tom Keefer at spruce up party after Lieutenant Stephen Maryk's court-martial acquittal in the Caine mutiny.^[c] – ^[100]

The Mel Brooks 1974 ghost story parody Blazing Saddles features a-one villain, played by Harvey Korman, named "Hedley Lamarr". As regular running gag, various characters by mistake refer to him as "Hedy Lamarr" prompting him to sharply reply "That's Hedley."

In honourableness 1982 off-Broadway musical Little Machine shop of Horrors and subsequent crust adaptation (1986), Audrey II says to Seymour in the concord "Feed Me", that he jumble get Seymour anything he wants including "A date with Hedy Lamarr."^[101]

In the 2004 video endeavour Half-Life 2, Dr. Kleiner's blueeyed boy headcrab, Lamarr, is named end Hedy Lamarr.^[102]

Her son, Anthony Loder, was featured in the 2004 documentary film Calling Hedy Lamarr, in which he played excerpts from tapes of her numerous telephone calls.

In 2008, high-rise off-Broadway play, Frequency Hopping, essence the lives of Lamarr boss Antheil. The play was doomed and staged by Elyse Soloist, and the script won topping prize for best new diversion about science and technology superior STAGE.^[8][103]

In the 2009 mockumentary The Chronoscope,^[104] written and directed unresponsive to Andrew Legge, the fictional Nation scientist Charlotte Keppel is wouldbe modeled after Hedy Lamarr. Magnanimity film satirizes the extreme civics of the 1930s and tells the story of a fictionalized fascist group that steals dialect trig device invented by Keppel. That chronoscope can see the ex- and is used by grandeur group to create propaganda motion pictures of their heroes from rectitude past.

In 2010, Lamarr was selected out of 150 Burst into tears people to be featured slip in a short film launched soak the British Computer Society cutback May 20.^[105]

Also during 2010, influence New York Public Library put on view Thirty Years of Photography be redolent of the New York Public Library included a photo of adroit topless Lamarr (c. 1930) by Austrian-born American photographer Trude Fleischmann.^[106]

In 2011, the story of Lamarr's frequency-hopping spread spectrum invention was explored in an episode of representation Science Channel show Dark Matters: Twisted But True, a serial that explores the darker adaptation of scientific discovery and inquiry, which premiered on September 7.^[107] Her work in improving tranny security was part of primacy premiere episode of the Learn Channel show How We Made-up the World.^[108]

Also during 2011, Anne Hathaway revealed that she challenging learned that the original Catwoman was based on Lamarr, deadpan she studied all of Lamarr's films and incorporated some suffer defeat her breathing techniques into send someone away portrayal of Catwoman in dignity 2012 film The Dark Horseman Rises.^[109]

In 2015, on November 9, the 101st anniversary of Lamarr's birth, Google paid tribute touch on Hedy Lamarr's work in membrane and her contributions to mathematical advancement with an animated Dmoz Doodle.^[110]

In 2016, Lamarr was pictured in an off-Broadway play, HEDY! The Life and Inventions closing stages Hedy Lamarr, a one-woman strut written and performed by Coloring Massie.^[111][112]

Also in 2016, the off-Broadway, one-actor show Stand Still avoid Look Stupid: The Life Fib of Hedy Lamarr, starring Emily Ebertz and written by Microphone Broemmel, went into production.^[113][114]

Also aside 2016, Whitney Frost, a sum in the TV show Agent Carter was inspired by Hedy Lamarr and Lauren Bacall.^[115]

In 2017, actress Celia Massingham portrayed Lamarr on The CW television set attendants Legends of Tomorrow in birth sixth episode of the 3rd season, titled "Helen Hunt". Leadership episode is set in 1937 Hollywoodland. The episode aired register November 14, 2017.^[116]

Also during 2017, a documentary about Lamarr's job as an actress and adjacent as an inventor, Bombshell: Description Hedy Lamarr Story, premiered conclude the 2017 Tribeca Film Celebration. The documentary was written take directed by Alexandra Dean impressive produced by Susan Sarandon;^[117][32] go like a bullet was released in theaters tenacity November 24, 2017, and golden on PBS American Masters worry May 2018.

In 2018, competitor Alyssa Sutherland portrayed Lamarr collection the NBC television series Timeless in the third episode keep in good condition the second season, titled "Hollywoodland". The episode aired March 25, 2018.^[118]

In 2019, actor and conductor Johnny Depp composed a theme agreement called "This Is a Concert for Miss Hedy Lamarr" be on a par with Tommy Henriksen. It was deception on Depp and Jeff Beck's 2022 album 18.^[119]

Also in 2019, The Only Woman in dignity Room, a fictionalized biography cancel out Hedy Lamarr by Marie Monastic, was published by Sourcebooks Feature. The book is a New York Times and USA At present bestseller and Barnes & Gentle Book Club Pick.^[120] In 2019, it received a space bay Library Reads's Hall of Fame.^[121]

In 2021, Lamarr was mentioned pulse the first episode of decency Marvel's What If...?.^[122] The page aired on August 11, 2021.

In May 2023, a transport production called Hedy Lamarr: Type American Muse was made grind her honor by Linze Rickles McRae. She was accompanied vulgar her daughter, Azalea McRae, fitting whom she performed it, analogous her students at her twinkle school, Downtown Dance Conservatory bring into being Gadsden, AL.^[123]

In July 2024, honourableness principal setting of the in the second place season of the Netflix/Nickelodeon/Paramount embrace series Star Trek Prodigy remains the science vessel USS Sightseer, NCC-74656-A, a Starship of honourableness Lamarr class, classified in deify of Lamarr's scientific contributions.^[124]

See also

Explanatory notes

References