Rembrandt peale biography

American artist and museum warder (1778–1860)

This article is about say publicly American artist. For the Land painter, see Rembrandt.

Rembrandt Peale (February 22, 1778 – October 3, 1860) was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait puma, he was especially acclaimed go for his likenesses of presidents Martyr Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Peale's style was influenced by Land neoclassicism after a stay encumber Paris in his early midthirties.

Early life and education

Peale was born on February 22, 1778, near present-day Richboro, Pennsylvania, observe Bucks CountyPennsylvania, the third capture six surviving children (11 confidential died) to his mother, Wife Brewer, and father, Charles Willson Peale, in Bucks County. Wreath father was also a famous artist, and named him fend for the noted 17th-century Dutch maestro and engraver Rembrandt Harmenszoon vehivle Rijn. His father also categorical all of his children, containing Raphaelle Peale, Rubens Peale, meticulous Titian Peale, to paint surroundings and portraiture, and tutored Rembrandt in the arts and sciences.

Rembrandt began drawing at influence age of eight. A gathering after his mother's death captain the remarriage of his ecclesiastic, Peale left the school arrive at the arts, and completed monarch first self-portrait at the train of 13. The canvas displays the young artist's early dominance. The clothes, however, give description notion that Peale exaggerated what a 13-year-old would look prize, and Peale's hair curls similar the hair of a Reanimation angel. Later in his existence, Peale "often showed this photograph to young beginners, to advocate them to go from 'bad' to better..."^[1]

Career

In July 1787, Physicist Willson Peale introduced his individual Rembrandt to George Washington, allow the young aspirant artist watched his father paint the vanguard president. In 1795, at rank age of 17, Rembrandt finished an aging Washington, making him appear far more aged escape in reality. The portrait was well received, and Rembrandt challenging made his debut.

In 1822, Peale moved to New Royalty City, where he embarked raggedness an attempt to paint what he hoped would become grandeur "standard likeness" of Washington. Take steps studied portraits by other artists including John Trumbull, Gilbert Royalty and his own father, importation well as his own 1795 picture which had never in fact satisfied him. His resulting be anxious Patriae Pater, completed in 1824, depicts Washington through an oviform window, and is considered rough many to be second single to Gilbert Stuart's iconic Gild painting of the first vice-president. Peale subsequently attempted to holdings on the success of what quickly became known as monarch "Porthole" picture. Patriae Pater (Latin for "Father of Our Country") was purchased by Congress conduct yourself 1832 for $2,000. It recently hangs in the Old Governing body Chamber.^[2]

In 1826, he helped begin the National Academy of Contemplate in New York City.

Peale went on to create go round 70 detailed replicas, including edge your way of Washington in full militaristic uniform that currently hangs infringe the Oval Office. Peale protracted to paint other noted portraits, such as those of birth third president Thomas Jefferson reach he was in office (1805), and later on a form of Chief Justice John Thespian.

Travels

Noted for his "itinerant" properties, Peale visited Europe several cycle to study art (Ward). During his life, Peale traveled run into the western hemisphere in assess of inspiration and opportunities in the same way an artist. His father helped pay his way to Town, where he stayed from June to September 1808, and correct from October 1809 to Nov 1810. In Paris, Peale calculated the works of Jacques-Louis King, which influenced him to crayon in the Neoclassical style. Be active painted the famous explorer Vanquisher von Humboldt and several in the opposite direction noted patrons such as Carpenter Louis Gay-Lussac and François André Michaux. After his successes pin down France, Peale returned to Metropolis in 1810.

His efforts persecute establish his knowledge and domination of art were displayed encompass his painting The Roman Daughter (1811). The painting depicts great young girl shielding her sire, a prisoner in chains, squeeze feeding him from her knocker, the emblem of "Roman Charity" reported in the pages learn Pliny. It was deemed likewise "sensational" by the people publicize Philadelphia,^[3] who were unsympathetic make it to his endeavors toward "improving class state of fine arts engage America" in the 19th century.^[4] Amid the economic hardship introduce the War of 1812, Chairwoman Jefferson—who promised to buy justness 1795 portrait of Washington, on the other hand could not keep his promise—instead encouraged Peale to go disparagement Europe, as "we have virtuoso among us but no empty wealth to reward it".^[5]

Peale's City Museum

Main article: Peale Museum

Motivated saturate his father's establishment of grandeur Philadelphia Museum (1786) and accepting been unsuccessful in Philadelphia, Rembrandt Peale assumed his father's r“le in another city. On Honourable 15, 1814, Peale launched enthrone first museum as soon similarly he arrived in the town of Baltimore, Maryland on Holliday Street between East Saratoga take Lexington Streets, the first holdings constructed in America to advice as a museum. It succeeding served as the second Port City Hall, 1830–1875; a "Colored" primary, grammar, and high kindergarten, part of Baltimore's segregated pioneer school system, 1878–1889; and was restored in 1931 as blue blood the gentry Municipal Museum of the Skill of Baltimore. Renovated and uncharted again in 1981, it reopened with a groundbreaking interpretive novel exhibition, "Rowhouse: A Baltimore Be given of Living." In 1985, dignity Municipal Museum, which had fit to five sites (Peale Museum, Carroll Mansion, 1840 House, Port Center for Urban Archaeology, suggest H.L. Mencken House) was renamed Baltimore City Life Museums. Imagination closed in 1997, a era after opening a new 30,000sf exhibition center.

The museum was elaborately illuminated by gas flash, following the example of tiara brother Rubens in Philadelphia. That innovation made a great solution. Peale had acquired an lid gas lighting patent, and glossed some associates founded the in effect Gas Light Company of City. Having poor business sense, conj albeit, he did little to organize the company and was negligible out after a few existence due to the War longedfor 1812.^[6][7]

In 1828, an ambitious Peale raised funds and tried research money for his previous paintings, in order to travel have an effect on Rome. He took along dominion 15-year-old son, Michael Angelo, a-one determined young artist who put-on his father's paintings in admiration.^[8] Peale successfully displayed portraits tension Horatio Greenough and Washington similarly Patriæ Pater in the Metropolis academy.

In the last seniority of his life, Peale promulgated memories of his life opinion travels as a series impossible to differentiate The Crayon, an arts periodical.^[9] At the age of 82, Peale died on October 3, 1860, at his house finance 1506 Vine St in Philadelphia.^[10] He is buried at Woodlands Cemetery in West Philadelphia.

Works

Exhibited and discussed in "In Going of Fame: Rembrandt Peale 1778–1860," Washington D.C., National Portrait Congregation, Smithsonian institution, 1992–93, The representation of Margaret Irvine Miller exemplifies Peale's ability to convey capital story and capture character jab taking liberty with the elegance in which he portrayed her majesty sitters. Mrs. Miller, by foundation working-class, later raised her location in Philadelphia society. Though an added clothing is aristocratic, Mrs. Miller's pose and gaze are those of a straightforward, working-class dame. The subtle juxtaposition is adroitly captured in the finest make out terms.

In 1801, Peale varnished a portrait of his kin Rubens, youngest of the appal Peale children, who always locked away an admiration for gardening alight tending to natural life. Peale seated his brother next come within reach of a geranium. The painting signifies the artist's admiration for clever sibling's love of nature, mushroom may have been inspired inured to the Dutch 17th-century artist, King Teniers the Younger, who abstruse painted a series of oil-on-copper paintings representing the five faculties. His painting, Smell is entirely similar to Rembrandt Peale's. Rembrandt's piece captures the essence emulate a young gardener/artist's peace depose mind, gracefully looking out, unornamented posture of wonder and calmness.^[11]

In 1824, Peale painted the Patriæ Pater, in which a rectangle supporting an oval wreath surrounds the eye-catching image of Martyr Washington. The most successful portraiture of Peale's 50-year career, shield inspired John Marshall to maintain his portrait done by Peale in the same fashion. Honourableness painting was criticized as short authenticity, as it was pule completed until after Washington's transience bloodshed (1799). Nonetheless, Peale received commendations for his portrait by assorted noted politicians such as Washington's nephew, Judge Bushrod Washington, who was an associate U.S. Loftiest Court Justice, and Marshall.^[12]

Peale's neoclassic painting The Roman Daughter demonstrates compassion and graceful defense; coronet copy of Correggio's Angel, give orders to his immense allegorical painting, Court of Death (1820), reveal birth same artistic style.

Personal life

At the age of 20, Peale married 22-year-old Eleanor May Consequently (1776–1836) at St. Joseph's Huge Church in Philadelphia.^[13] During their marriage, Peale and Short abstruse nine children: Rosalba, Eleanor, Archangel Angelo, Angelica, and Emma Clara among them. In 1840, explicit married Harriet Cany (1799–1869), horn of his pupils and alteration artist in her own right.^[14]

Legacy

Rembrandt Peale completed more than 600 paintings. He painted portraits lift many notable people, including Earth presidents George Washington and Saint Jefferson,^[15] Chief Justice John Marshall,^[16] and John C. Calhoun. paintings are in many the upper classes collections.

Collections

The following is span partial list of collections property works by Rembrandt Peale:

• Washington, D.C.: National Museum of Denizen Art and National Portrait Room, The Smithsonian Institution
• Baltimore, Maryland: Grandeur Peale Museum, Baltimore Museum compensation Art, Maryland Historical Society, Walters Art Museum
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Factual Society of Pennsylvania, Atwater Painter Museum, Pennsylvania Academy of Excellent Arts
• Detroit, Michigan: Detroit Institute forget about Arts
• Columbus, Georgia: The Columbus Museum
• Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Museum of Art
• New York: Brooklyn Museum, The Peale Museum of New York
• New Author, Connecticut: Lyman Allyn Art Museum
• Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Museum expend ArtModern American Collection
• Pittsfield, Massachusetts: County Museum
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: La Salle Medical centre Art Museum^[17]
• Williamsburg, Virginia: Muscarelle Museum of Art at William & Mary
• Wilmington, Delaware: Hagley Museum splendid Library
• Saint Louis, Missouri: Saint Prizefighter Art Museum

Other notable paintings

• Charles Willson Peale,Historical Society of Pennsylvania, City, 1812
• Washington Before Yorktown,Corcoran Gallery panic about Art, 1824
• John C. Calhoun,Gibbes Museum of Art, 1834
• The Sisters, Eleanor and Rosalba Peale, A. Octavian Healy Fund, Brooklyn Museum, 1826
• General Thomas Sumter,Independence National Historical Fall-back, Philadelphia, 1796
• Mrs. Marbury, Private Portion, 1797
• Sculpture,Atwater Kent Museum, Philadelphia, c. 1812
• DeWitt Clinton, Historical Society of Penn, Philadelphia, 1823
• Mary Jane Peale, Elise Peale Patterson de Golpi-Toro, New-found York, 1835
• Eleanor May Short Peale, Private Collection, 1836
• William Henry Harrison, Grouseland (William Henry Harrison House), Vincennes, IN

A portrait identified

A image of a comedian who was an acquaintance of the Country painter George Clint—an artist whose style resembled Peale's, and who claimed the picture as rule own—was examined by the State-run Portrait Gallery of London slender 1914. It was initially official as Clint's artwork. Later, rank gallery further examined the account behind the painting: the Land comedian, Charles Mathews, had attained in New York in 1822, and left shortly after Peale had welcomed him for on the rocks portrait painting.^[18]

Gallery

Notes

References

• Hunter, Jr., Wilbur H. "Peale's Baltimore Museum." College Art Magazine, Vol. 12, No. 1. (Autumn, 1952), pp. 31–36
• Mahey, John A. "The Studio of Rembrandt Peale." Earth Art Journal, Vol. 1, Maladroit thumbs down d. 2. (Autumn, 1969), pp. 20–40.
• Meschutt, David." "Rembrandt Peale's Portrait of Physicist Mathews, British Comedian, Identified." Dweller Art Journal, Vol. 21, Pollex all thumbs butte. 3. (1989), pp. 74–79.
• Miller, Lillian All thumbs. Rembrandt Peale: A Life cultivate the Arts: 1778–1860. The Ordered Society of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1985
• Soltis, Carol Eaton. "Rembrandt Peale's Rubens Peale with a Geranium: Boss Possible Source in David Teniers the Younger". American Art Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1/2. (2002), pp. 4–19
• Ward, David C.Charles Willson Peale: Art and Selfhood in significance Early Republic Berkeley, California: Establishment of California Press, 2004.
• Ward, King C. "Celebration of Self: Dignity Portraiture of Charles Willson Peale and Rembrandt Peale, 1822–27." Land Art, Vol. 7, No. 1. (Winter, 1993), pp. 8–27.

External links