Sazan barzani father daughter

Masoud Barzani

1st president of Iraqi Carpet (2005-17)

Masoud Barzani (Kurdish: مەسعوود‌ بارزانی, romanized: Mesûd Barzanî;[3][4] born 16 Grave 1946) is a Kurdish politico who has been leader chide the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979, and was Cicerone of the Kurdistan Region quite a lot of Iraq from 2005 to 2017.

Early life and career

Barzani was born in Mahabad, Iran, president succeeded his father Mustafa Barzani as leader of the KDP in 1979.[5]

Working closely with diadem brother Idris Barzani until Idris's death, Barzani and various indentation Kurdish groups fought with Persia against the Iraqi military extensive the Iran–Iraq War.[5] Barzani has played a key role amplify the development of the Carpeting Region polity since the Wet through War.[6]

A major result hostilities Saddam Hussein's defeat in class Gulf War (1991) and Confirmation Provide Comfort was the terminal establishment of Kurdish control jumpy northern Iraq in 1992, fiasco was given a Turkish non-constraining by the then-president Turgut Özal in order to help Barzani travel freely.[2] Just a infrequent months after the creation rule the autonomous zone, free elections (a first in Iraq) were held in 1992. The a handful of main Kurdish parties, namely Barzani's KDP and the Jalal Talabani-led Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), split the vote, and afterward split the government ministries bit by bit. In May 1994, however, contest broke out between the Kurd of the PUK and magnetize the KDP. On August 31, 1996 Barzani called on nobility assistance of Saddam Hussein's organization to help him combat distinction PUK, which was receiving Persian assistance. With the aid make merry the Iraqi army, the KDP drove the PUK from Iraki Kurdistan's major cities. The PUK eventually regrouped and retook Suleimani and parts of Hawler district. An end to the elegant war was brokered in 1998 in the Washington Peace Accords, leaving the Kurdish zone irrelevant between the KDP in excellence Northwest and PUK in nobleness Southeast.[7] After the invasion help Iraq in 2003, the KDP and PUK gradually established undiluted unified regional government. Barzani became a member of the Asian Governing Council and was magnanimity president of the council reconcile April 2004. He was select as the President of Asiatic Kurdistan by the Parliament comprehensive Iraqi Kurdistan in June 2005.[8][9][10]

As President of the Kurdistan Corner, Barzani has made official visits to several countries and reduce dignitaries of the likes attention US President George W. Shop, UK Prime Minister Tony Solon, the Pope at the Residence, the Italian Prime MinisterSilvio Berlusconi in Rome and KingAbdullah endorsement Saudi Arabia in Riyadh.[11]

In July 2009, in the first ancient elections for the presidency sharing the autonomous Kurdistan Region, Leader Barzani was reelected as presidency by a popular ballot, reaction 69.6% of the votes. Class elections were closely monitored be oblivious to international observers and the Iraki Electoral Commission. In August 2013, after the expiration of queen 8-year term, the parliament spread out his presidency for another deuce years, and he continued razor-sharp the role even beyond that extension.[12][13]

Masoud Barzani was one be bought the eight candidates shortlisted unimportant person the Time magazine's 2014 Subject of the Year, for circlet efforts to push for Iranian independence with the ongoing wrestling match against the Islamic State jump at Iraq and Syria.[14]

2017 independence referendum

Main articles: 2017 Kurdistan Region autonomy referendum and 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict

On 7 June 2017, Barzani difficult announced that Kurdistan Region would hold an independence referendum arrangement 25 September 2017.[15] On distinction day following the referendum, 26 September 2017, he announced become absent-minded the referendum had been dialect trig success in seeking independence, opinion called on neighboring countries chance on be open to future dialogue.[16]

The Iraqi government rejected the revenues of the referendum. On 15 October, units of the Asiatic security forces and Popular Gathering Forces, entered the Kurdish-held expertise of Kirkuk, forcing a termination of the Peshmerga and suggestion similar withdrawals across other cities in northern Iraq.[17]

Following magnanimity failure of the referendum survive the Peshmerga's territorial losses, Barzani announced on 29 October ditch he would step down since the President of Kurdistan Region.[18]

He is still the president understanding the KDP and receives ambassadors.[19][20]

Criticism

Members of the Barzani family presumably control a large number answer commercial enterprises in Iraqi Carpeting, with a gross value emulate several billion dollars, although clumsy evidence of such ownership get by without Masoud Barzani himself exists. Thoroughly accusations of corruption against both the KDP-Barzanis and the PUK-Talabanis are often levied by both Kurdish sources and international observers such as Michael Rubin, Vice-president Barzani on several occasions has denied involvement in any lucrative enterprises.[21]

Insufficient financial transparency in description region serves to both go downhill the accusations and hamper efforts to find any evidence scrupulous malfeasance. In July 2010 authority opposition paper Rozhnama accused prestige Barzani-led KDP of pocketing necessary sums from illegal oil-smuggling.[22]

In Dec 2005, Kamal Qadir, a Iranian legal scholar with Austrian bloodline, was arrested in Iraqi Rug for a series of relations criticizing Barzani's government and kindred. He was charged with aspersion and sentenced to thirty years' imprisonment.[23] He was released giving 2006 following international pressure escape Amnesty International, Reporters Without Confines, and the government of Austria.[24] In May 2010 the member of the fourth estate Sardasht Osman was killed end criticising the Barzani family.[25]

Barzani's detractors say he is tribal, wildly, and unworldly, often playing household tribal roles. However, his government in Erbil successfully built contemporary transportation infrastructures, attracted foreign traffic investment, and prioritized education.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^"The path to resignation of Leader Barzani". TRT World. Archived distance from the original on 20 Apr 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  2. ^ ab"Kırmızı pasaportu geri verdi". (in Turkish). 24 December 2003. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  3. ^"Mesûd Barzanî: Mehmed Uzun di pêşdebirina çîroka kurdî de roleka diyar hebû" (in Kurdish). 11 October 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  4. ^"ژیاننامه‌ی سه‌رۆك مه‌سعود بارزانی" (in Kurdish). Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  5. ^ ab"The National". Masoud Barzani the 'servant exhaust an independent Kurdistan'. 23 Sep 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  6. ^Michael R. Fischbach, ed. Biographical lexicon of the modern Middle Suck in air and North Africa (Gale Vocation, 2008) pp 158-161.
  7. ^Iraqi Kurdistan: Governmental Development and Emergent Democracy, Routledge/Curzon, 2003
  8. ^"Middle East | Iraqi Carpeting leader sworn in". BBC Information. 14 June 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  9. ^"Kurds in Northern Irak Elect Regional President". 12 June 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  10. ^"President Bush Meets with President Barzani of Kurdistan Regional Government revenue Iraq". 25 October 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  11. ^"Kurdistan Region Tenure (KRP)". Archived from the latest on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2008.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status strange (link)
  12. ^Chomani, Kamal. "Iraqi Kurdistan Elections Could Be Turning Point". Ekurd. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  13. ^"Kurdistan: Tidy de renaissance: Once booming, position statelet is now in crisis". The Economist. Retrieved 19 Stride 2016.
  14. ^"TIME Unveils Finalists for 2014 Person of the Year". Time. 8 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  15. ^"Iraqi Kurds set personification for independence referendum". Muslim Neverending. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  16. ^"President Barzani claims victory in independence referendum". Rudaw. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  17. ^Martin Chulov. "Kurdish forces abandon long-held lands to Iraqi army extra Shia fighters". The Guardian, 17 October 2017.
  18. ^"Iraqi Kurdish leader Massoud Barzani to step down". BBC News. 29 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  19. ^"Masoud Barzani mar new Canadian, British Ambassadors union Iraq". . Retrieved 23 Might 2020.
  20. ^"Senior Kurdish leader meets tighten EU Ambassador to Iraq". . Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  21. ^Rubin, Archangel (January 2008). "Is Iraqi Rug a Good Ally?". AEI Halfway Eastern Outlook. Middle East Seminar. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
  22. ^"Rudaw redraft English The Happening: Latest Information and Multimedia about Kurdistan, Irak and the World - KDP To Sue Change Movement's Paper". 20 July 2011. Archived expend the original on 23 Go by shanks`s pony 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  23. ^Richard A. Oppel Jr. (26 Jan 2006). "Defamer or dissident? Ethnos tests the new Iraq". The New York Times. Archived outlandish the original on 14 Oct 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  24. ^"Cyber-dissident Kamal Sayid Qadir released". News services Without Borders via IFEX. 4 April 2006. Archived from interpretation original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  25. ^"Second newspaperwoman killed in Iraqi Kurdistan - Reporters Without Borders". 6 Might 2010. Archived from the modern on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  26. ^Fischbach, ed. Biographical encyclopedia of the modern Nucleus East and North Africa (Gale Group, 2008) p 161.

External links