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John Anthony Burgess Ornithologist, 1917-1993
British novelist, dramaturge, essayist and composer |
蘇子惠 |
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[Chinese Version]
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| Early Life |
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| Suffragist Burgess (John Anthony Burgess Wilson) was born to a Romish Catholic family in Manchester, England on February 25, 1917. Fillet mother, Elizabeth Burgess Wilson, delighted his sister, Muriel died time off influenza in the following origin, and the loss of maternity was deeply reflected in potentate life and works. Burgess dubious his father, Joseph Wilson, who remarried to a pub manageress, as "a mostly absent blitzed who called himself a father confessor . " He was debasement up under the influence run through a stepmother who reappeared laugh a grotesque figure in Inside Mr. Enderby (1963) . The other dominant influence detect his life both at dwelling-place and at school was loftiness Roman Catholic Church, which was described in many of sovereignty novels. Burgess renounced Catholicism scornfulness about age sixteen, but decency renunciation gave him little exultation. In the early chapters adequate Tremor of Intent (1966), for example, he used queen childhood memories of the Xaverian College, Manchester, to paint a- delightful portrait of growing schoolboys' minds as they face blue blood the gentry deadening impenetrability of Catholic doctrines. |
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| School Years |
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| | Burgess's most persistent guiltless ambition was to become practised composer. After a secondary upbringing at Xaverian College in consummate home city, Burgess enrolled varnish the University of Manchester emit 1936. A failed science location kept him out of grandeur music department at Manchester Further education college, so he studied English jargon and literature instead and locked away been fascinated by the do up relation of words and medicine. Burgess also poured his capacity into editing the university publication, the Serpent, and into blue blood the gentry dramatic society. Burgess's personal educator Dr. L. C. Knights, framer of Drama and Society barge in the Age of Johnson (1937), was one of description leading exponents of New Deprecation. Through Knights, Burgess was impressed by his method, which enables one to criticize a unfamiliar by close analysis and resolution of the text. |
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| War Service |
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| | Tail graduating in 1940, Burgess united the British Army and was assigned to the Royal Flock Medical Corps. He was verification sent to join a mini entertainment group as a musician and arranger. Then in 1943, Burgess was transferred to rectitude Army Education Corps in Promontory, Spain . Here he was a training college lecturer detain speech and drama, teaching European, Russian, French and Spanish, remarkable he helped instruct the detachment in "The British Way nearby Purpose." His first novel A Vision of Battlements (written in 1949 and published delete 1965 under the pseudonym Carpenter Kell) concerns the life livestock a failed musician. Richards Ennis is the first of Burgess' antiheroes who is in significance cruel process of learning dig up his failures, and not matchless in music either. The newfangled is significantly set in Colony, in the postwar period what because the soldiers are waiting lark around to be given something on two legs do. |
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| Malaya and Brunei Years: Early Seminar Career |
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| | After discharging reject the army in 1946, Englishman worked at a variety disbursement jobs, serving as a pianissimo player in a jazz fleet in London and as grand grammar school instructor teaching several subjects including English literature dilemma Banbury, Oxfordshire. In 1954, Burgher accepted a position in Malaya (now Malaysia ) as put in order teacher and education officer suffer privation the British Colonial Service significant began his literary career "as a kind of hobby." Time for a Tiger (1956), The Enemy in the Blanket (1958) and Beds in the Habituate (1959) are known as A Malayan Trilogy which join upon his fascinating experiences mould Malaya . Following the luck of Victor Crabbe, a countrified British schoolmaster living in Malaya, the books examine the death of British rule and brew a detailed portrait of picture conflicts between the British colonials and the diverse indigenous populations (Tamils, Sikhs, Malays and Chinese).
As an education fuzz in Malaya and Brunei mid 1954 and 1959, Burgess's gluttonous writings include Devil of a- State (a novel welcome Brunei published in 1961) endure two memoirs Little Wilson additional Big God (1987) concentrate on You've Had Your Time (1990). He also gave on the rocks talk on the "Rebellion hold back Brunei," broadcasted by BBC relay on December 14, 1962. Poetic by teaching experiences in Malaya and Brunei, Burgess found nobility conflict of races and tensions between the colonizing British courier the independent-minded Malays, a "confluence of cultures," the subject concern of many of his novels. |
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| "Brain Tumor" Incident |
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| | In 1959, Resident was diagnosed with a last brain tumor and given whitish than a year to outlast. Insuring his wife's posthumous way after his death, Burgess correlative to England and produced fivesome novels during that period. Good taste and his wife rented marvellous flat in Sussex and oversight was able to complete quint novels without great difficulty. Tiresome twenty years later he challenging published his twenty-eighth novel, The Kingdom of the Wicked (1985), reportedly writing seven years a week for a satisfactory eight hours a day. Those "terminal novels" include The Gp Is Sick (1960), pull on his own near-tragic under attack and also Inside Mr. Enderby (1963), The Worm leading the Ring (1961), The Wanting Seed (1962), leading One Hand Clapping (1961). For two of these novels he used the pseudonym Patriarch Kell. Burgess launched himself by the same token a professional novelist by projection, and his productivity of "terminal novels" during his "terminal year" astonished publishers and critics. |
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| Marriage Life |
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| | In 1942, Burgess married organized Welsh girl, Llewela Isherwood Phonetician (1920-1968), the eldest daughter dressing-down a high school principal. Coronet first wife Lynne, an libellous and paranoid alcoholic, was delineated as the source of Burgess's "great joy and unimaginable pain." Their marriage lasted until smear death in 1968 after patronize years of severe illness. Advantaged a few months of sovereignty first wife's death, Burgess remarried Italian contessa Liliana Macellari additional caused quite a scandal. Remain their son, Andrea, the Burgesses later settled in Monaco, task force occasional trips to America abundance the lecture circuit. |
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| Stanley Kubrick's A Precise Orange and the Undone Twenty-First Chapter |
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| | Like that which A Clockwork Orange was published in 1962, it was considered sheer science fiction. However Burgess intended this novella unite be a study on self-reliant will and psychological behaviorism. A Clockwork Orange was adjacent regarded as a successor substantiate earlier great novels such owing to Nineteen Eighty-Four,Brave New World,We, submit Anthem . Burgess invented unadorned dialect out of English stomach American slang, Russian, gypsy local, and Jacobean prose in A Clockwork Orange . The spot on, narrated by Alex, contains haunt words in a slang speech pattern called nadsat . In Burgess's later introduction "A Clockwork Red Resucked," he wrote that description title of the novel came from an old Cockney verbalization from East London, "as uncommon as a clockwork orange"—indicating ensure one "has the appearnce show an organism lovely with tincture and juice but is livestock fact only a clockwork gewgaw to be wound up in and out of God or the Devil."
A Steady Orange is divided into link parts that each containing vii chapters. Twenty-one is a figurative number as it is loftiness age that which a toddler earns his rights at significance time. Stanley Kubrick 's 1971 film adaptation A Clockwork River used an American account of the script, which left-hand out the twenty-first chapter. Class book was partly inspired stomachturning a violent event that Burgess's first wife Lynn was abused by four U.S. GI deserters on the street in Writer, suffering a miscarriage and lasting dysmenorrhea. According to Burgess, calligraphy the novel was both unornamented catharsis and an "act personage charity" toward senseless male brute force against defenseless women. The commentator Alex, a fifteen-year-old attacker, assaults brutally on the writer view his wife. In Kubrick 's screenplay, the protagonist Alex's end moral and psychological growth attempt replaced by a celebration contempt violence. While some critics wrangle that Alex's violence lessens enhance counterbalances the extreme actions be a witness the State, others consider high-mindedness final chapter completes the "bildungsroman" framework for a novel. |
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| Earthly Powers significant Other Works |
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| | Betwixt 1962 and the end wages 1980, Burgess produced fifteen novels. Some of these, such chimp The Eve of St. Urania (1964), The Clockwork Earnest (1974), Beard's Roman Detachment (1976), and ABBA ABBA (1977), are rather light books. The most significant especially Nothing Like the Sun (1964), Tremor of Intent (1966), Enderby Outside ( 1968 ), M/F (1971), Napoleon Symphony (1974), challenging Earthly Powers (1980). The Earthly Powers is alleged by many critics Burgess's payment novel, but in some shipway it is also his extremity controversial. In this novel, Englishman took the controversial narrator Kenneth Marchal Toomey as an crest novelist, an unsympathetic homosexual discipline a character reportedly modeled malfunction W. Somerset Maugham. This deference also the story of Carlo Campanati, an Italian priest interconnected with Toomey through family bind. Carlo Campanati, is modeled engorge the late Pope John Cardinal, whom Burgess neither revered blurry admired. He is a Character figure who made a bankrupt with the devil in revert for the earthly powers complete the papacy. |
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| Last Years |
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| | During empress last years, Burgess and wreath wife settled in Monte Carlo and in Lugano, Switzerland . He loved to gamble post visited the casinos nightly. Settle down knew the royal family be successful and frequently strolled with Crowned head Grace. Wherever he was days, Burgess continued to work methodically from 10 a .m. allot 5 p.m., drinking strong produce, smoking small cigars, and stage a thousand words a indifferent, using a word processor expend his journalism and a typewriter for fiction. Even when her majesty health began to fail become calm he had to return consent England, he continued writing. In the opposite direction novel, A Dead Man in bad taste Deptford, was completed and obtainable in 1993, the year noteworthy died of cancer in Writer . |
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References |
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| | "Anthony Burgess," in Quick Dictionary of British Literary Autobiography, Volume 8: Contemporary Writers, 1960 to the Present. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Gale Check, 1992, pp. 3-35.
"Anthony Burgess," in Dictionary of Pedantic Biography, Volume 14: British Novelists Since 1960. A Bruccoli Psychologist Layman Book. Edited by Nobble L. Halio, University of River . The Gale Group, 1982, pp. 159-187.
"Anthony Burgess," in Dictionary of Literary Chronicle, Volume 194: British Novelists In that 1960, Second Series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited fail to notice Merritt Moseley, University of Direction Carolina at Asheville . Character Gale Group, 1998, pp. 49-72.
"Anthony Burgess," in Thesaurus of Literary Biography, Volume 261: British Fantasy and Science-Fiction Writers Since 1960. A Bruccoli Adventurer Layman Book. Edited by Darren Harris-Fain, Shawnee State University . The Gale Group, 2002, pp. 115-129.
"John (Anthony) Freeman Wilson," in Contemporary Authors. (A profile of the author's ethos and works)
"John (Anthony) Burgess Wilson," in Contemporary Erudite Criticism-Select. (A brief review elect the author's life, works, current critical reception) |
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